Healthiest Baby Formula: Other Things to Consider
When you’re searching for the healthiest baby formula for your infant, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. You’re going to hear about things like whey/casein ratio and A2 milk. Let’s look at some of the factors worth considering when you’re looking at the best formula brands.
Whey/Casein Ratio
In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:
- Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
- Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.
There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.
Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.
So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.
We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.
Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.
Prebiotics & Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.
Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome. In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics and probiotics to their products.
There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.
Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.
Aluminum in Infant Formulas
Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).
It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.
It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.
We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.
There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:
- Choosing breastmilk if possible.
- Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
- Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.
A2 Milk
You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”
Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggeste that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestional distress.
Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.
Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.
DHA/ARA
DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.
We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.
The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.
If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.
Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.
Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.
BPA in Formula Cans
Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!
Healthiest Baby Formula FAQs
What is the closest formula to breast milk?
Needless to say, I’m pro-breastfeeding. I have only two kids, but I breastfed for a total of 7 years, so you can do the math. But of course I also know amazing parents who formula feed their (very healthy!) children.
Every formula brand claims that their nutrient blend most closely mimics breast milk. Based on our research process, we think that ByHeart and Kabrita get the closest.
What’s the best hypoallergenic baby formula?
Some babies, like those with milk protein allergies, need a hypoallergenic formula. Sometimes called “gentle,” these formulas contain hydrolyzed proteins, which means that they are broken down and more digestible.
Many pediatricians recommend Pregestimil or Nutramigen (both by Enfamil) or Alimentum (by Similac). If forced to choose between these, I would go for the Alimentum since it skips the carrageenan and corn syrup. But I can’t call any of these Good Stuff since all three contain ingredients of concern and none is organic. Nutramigen is probably the very worst of these, comprised of 48% corn syrup solids!!
If it were my baby, I would choose HiPP HA organic baby formula, which contains no sugar, corn syrup, or maltodextrin, and is full of good prebiotics. You also might want to try HiPP Anti-Reflux formula if your baby has a sensitive stomach. It’s made with 100% whey and no casein to prevent reflux.
If you want an American brand, Bobbie Organic Gentle is the only one that is sweetened with just lactose.
Please check with your pediatrician first if you suspect an intolerance or allergy.
Can you give an infant a “toddler” formula?
I know many parents who have chosen to feed their infants a “toddler” formula. Most toddler formulas contain the 29 key nutrients that are required by the FDA for infant formula. Some of these are the best formula brands out there but are not marketed as infant formula because the brands haven’t completed the infant feeding studies. A few notes on this country’s formula rules and regulations, by the way:
- The recipe requirements are from the Infant Formula Act of 1980 (which I believe is in desperate need of an update!).
- Infant formula certification requires multi-year and multi-million dollar feeding studies.
- Thus, there is a huge barrier to entry for innovative companies or smaller brands. ByHeart is one of the few brands who did their own study. (More on them in this post.)
- In early 2022, the FDA recalled brands (e.g., Similac, Alimentum and EleCare) after babies drinking these formulas became ill. This was nearly 6 months after the FDA found out but failed to act on the information. In March of 2022, the FDA finally shut down the facility producing these formulas, which lead to a formula shortage.
Again, ask your pediatrician to review the nutrition label on any formula you’re considering.
Where is American baby formula made?
Almost all infant formula sold in this country is produced by just four manufacturers:
- Mead Johnson (Enfamil)
- Abbott Nutrition (Similac)
- Nestlé (Gerber)
- Perrigo (Bobbie, Earth’s Best, generic formulas for many grocery chains)
ByHeart is made in the U.S. in its own factory.
Should you use filtered water for baby formula?
Yes! Tap water may be contaminated with chlorine byproducts, weed killers, insecticides, solvents, lead, BPA, phthalates, PFAS…the list goes on. Fluoride is present in infant formula, and when combined with fluoridated tap water, infant exposure levels can exceed safe amounts. I think everyone should invest in a good water filter, but especially if you have a formula-fed baby in your home.
What is the safest baby bottle?
Here is a cheat sheet to help you choose the safest bottle for your baby, whether you are breast- or formula-feeding!
Should I consider a goat milk formula?
Yes! Goat milk may be more similar to human milk because it contains A2 beta-casein protein. For an in-depth look at the pros and cons, check out our post about goat milk formulas.
659 comments
Olivia May
Sorry just saw your other replies :)
Olivia May
Hi,
I was curious if you have any thoughts on Plum Organics baby formula? I was able to breastfeed with my first off and on for about 10 months. I am currently pregnant with my second, and while I plan to breastfeed I want to have a back up choice we feel comfortable with. We used honest company with my first.Maia James
Hi Livia-
Holle goat formula is Good Stuff:)
Maia James
Hi Erin-
Yes! I love what we’ve learned about Sammy’s so far…will be doing a full review soon;).
Maia James
Bottom line on Plum;
The DHA/ARA are extracted using hexane. This is the only downside to this formula
.
The HUGE advantage, over Honest formula and others, is that this is sweetened with
JUST organic lactose. No corn syrup solids, no glucose solids, no maltodextrin.
tara cutillo
Would love a detailed review about Plum Organics Infant Formula.
Erin
Thank you so much for this-very helpful! My son is 7 mons and eating solids all day and I’m back to work…so we are going to supplement with formula.
Apologies if someone else already asked about this, but I recently heard Sammy’s Milk praised. Any thoughts on that one? It’s goat milk based. http://www.sammysmilk.com/ Thanks!Deanna
Ive asked this lady here, the website about the hexane issue. She answered me via Facebook and told me that Plum seems to be honest about how they obtain their DHA. So basically its a safer method. Im using Plum Organics when Im not using Lebenswert stage 1. To sum it up, Plum Organics is the way to go regarding U.S formula.
Maggie of 3
Yes agreed, I would stay away from any DHA/ARA formula, just that the company is ok with adding it should be a warning sign of their quality standards.
Maggie of 3
I have fed all my children the Goat milk formula from HOLLE
Sammy’s is not organic so it was a no brainer for me no to use, we all know how much crap goes in pastures, animal feeding etc… It’s just the best out there there’s no comparison.
Someone had sent me a picture of the farms they use milk from and it was like 20 cows operation, very human and manageable compare to what we have here.
Good Luck :)
Maia
Yes, Plum formula seems like a great option. Only issue is that the DHA/ARA are hexane-extracted. But on the whole, I would call this Good Stuff;)
Lyle
This is so helpful! What are your thoughts on the new Plum Organics formula?
Shital Patel
Goats milk can cause anemia in infants and should be avoided in babies less than a year.
Kristen
Hi,
I enjoy reading your blog and it has helped me choose wisely when it comes to feeding my baby.
Sadly, my doctor didn’t approve “Baby’s Only,” formula so she has been on The Honest Company formula since day one. (she is 6 months).
Did you happen to see the lawsuit regarding: “The Honest Company Formula?” Can you please clarify?
I have a lot of family members who give me hard time about feeding my baby organic and they are always trying to find something that I use against me- so I know this will be one of them.
I appreciate it!
Thank you! :)
Chloe Miller
Dear Sara
About a year ago when our baby was born I was also looking everywhere for organic formulas and unfortunately, I’ve heard many stories about fake products. I, myself, have probably read thousands of blogs and articles and I can assure you that there is a reason why you have to be careful. This was very frustrating and I promised myself I would never give my baby something unhealthy. Therefore, I researched this topic a lot and found https://myorganicformula.com . It is a website created by a young couple who were in our shoes some years ago and have researched the topic extensively. They offer only a handful of brands which are directly imported from their countries of origin like Germany, Austria and France. You also receive the products in their original package. I’ve fed my baby only with these products (mainly HIPP) and the little one never experienced a rash or any other allergies.
Love
Chloe
Gloria Abundiz
I have twin infants that use formula. They are currently on enfamil but have terrible tummy pain. I purchased Baby’s Only whey protein but my pediatrician did not recommend it due to it being a toddler formula and was not appropriate. I really wanted to try Baby’s only but I’m afraid that the minerals are to high for their body to intake. Is there a formula that you would recommend for them?
Maia James
Hi June-
Yes, I am in the process of putting together a blog post on Goat Milk Formula! So far I’ve been most impressed with Sammy’s Milk:)
Sarah
The only part we didn’t love about this one is that is that it isn’t FDA approved and don’t produce in an FDA formula facility. It also hasn’t gone through any clinical trials to see if it is safe for infants. So for example, shelf life testing, bacterial contaminant testing, contaminants in sourced ingredients, running through a metal detector..etc. I would just feel too nervous about feeding it as a sole source of nutrition.
Sara
Hello can you please share this site? I am new to the formula world and would love to order from Germany directly! I just placed an order with organic munchkin but still worried..
Leanne
which formula is best as Toddler formula?
June
Hi Maia,
Do you have any review or recommendations on goat milk formula?Monica
Hi Maia,
have you looked into Bellamy’s Organic Infant formula and a2 Platinum Premium Infant Formula yet?maia
Yes! Sammy’s Milk seems to be the really Good Stuff! So psyched to have found out about it.
shane
hi, first off, love your site and thanks for this valuable info. have you looked into sammy’s milk yet? i really like the ingredient list, and i have heard good things from families in SoCal.
thanks!Maia James
Thanks for your kind words! This is the Baby’s Only I would use if it were my baby, but you should definitely speak to your pediatrician to make sure it’s right for yours!
http://amzn.to/1Nj1f9c
Ragini
Hi Maia, First off, LOVE your website. Saved me so much time and needless googling :)
My daughter has been EBF and is 6 months old, I want to keep some formula at home as backup incase I fall short on pumping at work. Which Baby’s Only would you recommend as a supplementary formula, knowing that they baby is getting BM primarily, and will get only 2-3 oz of formula? The ntire with DHA and without DHA options are confusing me right now :) Thanks!Maia James
Hi Lindsey,
I haven’t done a thorough review, but at first glance, this new formula looks really promising!
Lindsey Cryer
I noticed the plum organically baby formula today. Have you looked at it? The first ingredient is organic lactose.
We are needing to supplement our 11 week old for weight gain.
Lolo
I wanted to bring to light something else I felt was very important to watch out for in baby formula; aluminum.
Although these organic brands are made with healthier ingredients, many of the organic formulas (including one on this list) are also extremely high in aluminum (I’m talking about 500x higher) compared to others.
Unfortunately we have to choose from a lesser of two evils.
Here is the source
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/oct/10/formula-milk-babies-aluminium-health
Angela
I know this is a guide for infant formula, but how do you feel about Happy Tot Grow & Shine Organic Toddler Milk compared to Baby’s Only Whey Toddler Formula?
Livia
Love this guide! My son has struggled with gaining weight since birth, but I continued to breastfeed. At his 4 month check up; however, his head circumference and weight took a dive and the doctor said it was time for formula. I’m currently giving my son Holle Goat’s Milk formula, and would love to hear your thoughts!
Maia James
Hi Katie!
I’m working on a goat’s milk formula review right now and yes, so far I am really impressed and excited about what I’m learning about Sammy’s!
Maia James
Hi Deeg-
Yes, I do think the whey version of Baby’s Only is even better!
Thanks-
Maia
Maia James
It looks promising! I will do a formal review soon.
Christina
Would love your thoughts on Plum Organics Infant Formula: http://www.plumorganics.com/formula. Thanks!
Deeg
Hi Maia,
Also, it seems the new whey formula is promising do you think I should switch? My daughter is 6 months now and has been only the Dairy version since she was a few weeks old. Thanks!I had issues with breast feeding and couldn’t produce enough milk so I wound up giving my daughter formula. Your site was extremely helpful in a stressful and difficult time! I opted for the Baby’s Only Dairy because it was sold locally. I read that DHA and ARA can be harmful to babies? What are your thoughts?
Katie
I would love to hear what you think about Sammy’s Milk! It’s relatively new to the market and is getting a lot of buzz
Tiffany
My newborn baby had bad colick n gas screamed for hours. Tried original baby’s only and she was a tiny bit better but still suffering n spitting up bad. I also didn’t like how gritty it was. so I switched to hipp first infant milk she started getting better but still had some bad episodes here n there.so I tried the ready made liquid hipp and it helped her so much it was amazing! After she was 3 months old switched to hipps powder form and she’s been great ever since! Now she’s 7 months. I kinda wanna switch to lebenswert new formula you think that’s ok? Also when do you think is the best healthiest time to start fully giving your baby organic whole milk? Can you still give formula over a year? Anyways I recommend people to use hipps ready to go liquid formula in the first 3 months it seems more gentle and easier to digest. I hope holle lebenswert comes out with a ready made liquid one!
Maia James
Yes, I do trust that Organic Munchkin is a legit company.
jenn
I ordered some Holle Goat Formula 2 from Organicmunchkin and had a few questions. I posted them on the website and the owner (Peter) got right back to me within minutes. Also, they offer free 2 days shipping? This kind of customer service seems almost too good to be true. Have you had recent experience with this company? Are they honest? Thank you!
Leonie
Hi there
do you have any recommendations from where to purchase Holle in Canada or ships to Canada?(i’m in Montreal) Recently moved from UK, didn’t realize not available heremaia
From the brief research I’ve done so far on Plum’s formula, it definitely looks like Good Stuff!
maia
I don’t know that seller, I’m sorry!
Will
My wife did not breast feed either of our daughters. We used Baby’s only from the first hour with great results. Dr. Browns bottles were also used. We had no problems ever and our daughters were almost never sick. I too called the manufacturer and then the labs where the ingredients were sourced. This was the best I could find and the results speak for themselves.
No agenda here just trying to help. WillAnny
Hi Maia,
I just ordered from https://www.neogno.com before coming across your site, and now I’m a bit worried… Is that a legit site? This is the first time I’ve ordered Holle and decided to order it in bulk (24 count) because the sale price was amazing! I’m hoping that it’s the real product. Could you confirm? Also, do you know if what I ordered is the most recent version of the Holle formula Stage 1 Lebenswert formula? Or did I just order the old version? =(Rita
Thanks, looks like it’s not available. Any other options? Would Sammys be an option for suspected milk protein intolerance? Thanks so much for the help!
karisa
I found this article helpful in regards to heating water with hipp formula . I tried baby’s only whey and I’m back to sticking with hipp .
http://hippformulausa.com/hipp-formula-preparation/
Carrie
Can you please do a review on plum organic’s new formula? Do baby’s like the taste? How does it stack up to Baby’s Only Whey?
My pediatrician said baby’s only whey’s level of iron, calcium and phosphorus is way too high for an infant and hard on their kidneys. I’m shocked that it’s so widely recommended for babies. I’m looking for an alternative and I’m currently using Earth’s best but I know it’s not the best formula out there.Maia James
Check out HiPP’s hypoallergenic formula, which you should be able to get here: http://goo.gl/sV4QcN
Rita
Thanks. Do you have any recommendations for hypoallergenic formulas? Or partial hydrolyzed formulas? When will your goat milk review come out? Thanks!