Healthiest Baby Formula: Other Things to Consider
When you’re searching for the healthiest baby formula for your infant, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. You’re going to hear about things like whey/casein ratio and A2 milk. Let’s look at some of the factors worth considering when you’re looking at the best formula brands.
Whey/Casein Ratio
In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:
- Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
- Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.
There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.
Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.
So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.
We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.
Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.
Prebiotics & Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.
Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome. In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics and probiotics to their products.
There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.
Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.
Aluminum in Infant Formulas
Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).
It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.
It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.
We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.
There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:
- Choosing breastmilk if possible.
- Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
- Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.
A2 Milk
You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”
Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggeste that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestional distress.
Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.
Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.
DHA/ARA
DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.
We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.
The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.
If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.
Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.
Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.
BPA in Formula Cans
Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!
Healthiest Baby Formula FAQs
What is the closest formula to breast milk?
Needless to say, I’m pro-breastfeeding. I have only two kids, but I breastfed for a total of 7 years, so you can do the math. But of course I also know amazing parents who formula feed their (very healthy!) children.
Every formula brand claims that their nutrient blend most closely mimics breast milk. Based on our research process, we think that ByHeart and Kabrita get the closest.
What’s the best hypoallergenic baby formula?
Some babies, like those with milk protein allergies, need a hypoallergenic formula. Sometimes called “gentle,” these formulas contain hydrolyzed proteins, which means that they are broken down and more digestible.
Many pediatricians recommend Pregestimil or Nutramigen (both by Enfamil) or Alimentum (by Similac). If forced to choose between these, I would go for the Alimentum since it skips the carrageenan and corn syrup. But I can’t call any of these Good Stuff since all three contain ingredients of concern and none is organic. Nutramigen is probably the very worst of these, comprised of 48% corn syrup solids!!
If it were my baby, I would choose HiPP HA organic baby formula, which contains no sugar, corn syrup, or maltodextrin, and is full of good prebiotics. You also might want to try HiPP Anti-Reflux formula if your baby has a sensitive stomach. It’s made with 100% whey and no casein to prevent reflux.
If you want an American brand, Bobbie Organic Gentle is the only one that is sweetened with just lactose.
Please check with your pediatrician first if you suspect an intolerance or allergy.
Can you give an infant a “toddler” formula?
I know many parents who have chosen to feed their infants a “toddler” formula. Most toddler formulas contain the 29 key nutrients that are required by the FDA for infant formula. Some of these are the best formula brands out there but are not marketed as infant formula because the brands haven’t completed the infant feeding studies. A few notes on this country’s formula rules and regulations, by the way:
- The recipe requirements are from the Infant Formula Act of 1980 (which I believe is in desperate need of an update!).
- Infant formula certification requires multi-year and multi-million dollar feeding studies.
- Thus, there is a huge barrier to entry for innovative companies or smaller brands. ByHeart is one of the few brands who did their own study. (More on them in this post.)
- In early 2022, the FDA recalled brands (e.g., Similac, Alimentum and EleCare) after babies drinking these formulas became ill. This was nearly 6 months after the FDA found out but failed to act on the information. In March of 2022, the FDA finally shut down the facility producing these formulas, which lead to a formula shortage.
Again, ask your pediatrician to review the nutrition label on any formula you’re considering.
Where is American baby formula made?
Almost all infant formula sold in this country is produced by just four manufacturers:
- Mead Johnson (Enfamil)
- Abbott Nutrition (Similac)
- Nestlé (Gerber)
- Perrigo (Bobbie, Earth’s Best, generic formulas for many grocery chains)
ByHeart is made in the U.S. in its own factory.
Should you use filtered water for baby formula?
Yes! Tap water may be contaminated with chlorine byproducts, weed killers, insecticides, solvents, lead, BPA, phthalates, PFAS…the list goes on. Fluoride is present in infant formula, and when combined with fluoridated tap water, infant exposure levels can exceed safe amounts. I think everyone should invest in a good water filter, but especially if you have a formula-fed baby in your home.
What is the safest baby bottle?
Here is a cheat sheet to help you choose the safest bottle for your baby, whether you are breast- or formula-feeding!
Should I consider a goat milk formula?
Yes! Goat milk may be more similar to human milk because it contains A2 beta-casein protein. For an in-depth look at the pros and cons, check out our post about goat milk formulas.
659 comments
Deanna
Hi Maia- have you researched Kabrita goat’s milk formula, i.e. Where does it fall on your recommended formula list? Is it suitable for infants?
Thanks, Deannamaia
Hi Sarah-
I’m sorry about your disappointing experience with BOB. I also have not had great luck hearing back from them, which is why I am no longer advising my readers to buy from them! I think you should ask your pediatrician about whether or not your daughter will notice the difference or what to look out for when switching formulas—I don’t feel comfortable giving individualized advice like that as I have no medical training.
sarah
hi maia,
should I try lebenswart stage 1 when I run out of the holle2? thanks so much – your website is awesomeI ordered 10 boxes of holle2 from beyond organic baby and they shipped half holle2 and half lebenswart stage 1. my daughter is almost 8 mos. – are the two similar enough that she won’t be able to tell the difference? ive desperately tried to get in touch with beyond organic baby and they have not returned any of the emails and they are not reachable by phone. (I called and talked to Suzanne to get your thoughts on this company – she called me back, thank you)
Maia
Hi Yuna-
Honestly, I am having a hard time making sense of the translated text. “Fat pollutant” is a vague term. Certainly we know that a variety of environmental toxins do accumulate in fat, in particular in dairy. You can read more about this here: https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/why-organic-dairy-is-toxic/ 3-MCPD esters are certainly concerning, but again, I am having a hard time understanding the translated report. My hunch is that nothing listed above that might be found in these European formulas is going to be any worse that the contaminants is American brands, and possibly even in breastmilk (we know that phthalates and other toxins accumulate there, too!). I wish I could be of more help, but I think your best bet is to discuss your concerns with your pediatrician, and as I said the 3-MCPD would be the most concerning to me. I’m going to try to get in touch with Holle for some clarification on that and will report back if I find out anything more.Maia
Hi Brit-
From what I can see, Baby’s Only Whey is definitely the Good Stuff:)
Brit
Hi! I’m a first-time mom and it’s been really hard finding formula to supplement the little bit of breast milk I’m able to give to my 14-week old daughter. I recently stumbled upon Baby’s Only Whey Protein formula and was wondering what you think — if you’ve gotten the chance to take a look at it. I’ve been working to increase my milk supply but in the meantime, I wanted to make sure I was giving my daughter the good stuff (I’m a chronic worrier).
Yuna
Hi Maia, thank you for sharing the research you have done, very helpful to a new mother who doesn’t have enough milk for her newborn twins. As I reached out to my friends in Austria for their views on Holle and Lebenswert Bio, they alerted me to tests done by Testberichte.de (I assume it is a consumer group) on various formulas, and this is what they reported on Lebenswert Bio and Holle (translated from German by Google):
Lebenswert Bio- http://www.testberichte.de/p/lebenswert-bio-tests/anfangsmilch-1-testbericht.html The life value Organic Infant Formula 1 showed during testing of ingredients the highest amount of 3-MCPD esters among the organic products. The tolerable daily intake (TDI), which served as an assessment standard was exceeded by 6.2 times. The fatty acid esters in animal experiments promoted the formation of benign tumors, as well as changes in the renal tubules. Ingredients: “satisfactory”. The other defects were written down to “good”, because the declared use of flavorings, colorings and preservatives, “according to law” only confirms compliance with the statutory requirements. – Summary by our editors. Holle – http://www.testberichte.de/p/holle-baby-food-tests/bio-anfangsmilch-1-demeter-testbericht.html Holles Organic Infant Formula 1 landed on the last place among the organic products. Were detected increased fat pollutant content (daily tolerance amount by which exceeded 2.7 times) as well as chlorate with elevated values. In addition, one set of sulfite-reducing clostridia spores determined. This could indicate a lack of hygiene at the production site. Holle said that it continued working on the reduction of fat pollutants. The elevated chlorate values ​​could be limited by changes in the production process. – Summary by our editors. What are your thoughts on 3-MCPD esters, fat pollutant, cholorate, and sulfite-reducing clostridia spores found in Lebenswert and Holle? Should I be concerned? My three week old babies have been on Lebenswert for two weeks and I don’t know if I should stop using Lebenswert, but there doesn’t seem to be a better alternative as Hipp seems to have similar issues with fat pollutant and cholrate. See http://www.testberichte.de/p/hipp-tests/bio-anfangsmilch-1-testbericht.html Would really appreciate your candid thoughts, thank you.Lisa
Hi -
We have 5 boxes of Hipp 1 that we ordered for our baby. She didn’t take to it well for whatever reason. We are going to try Holle and Baby Only. If anyone wants the HIPP, i’d be happy to send it along with the original shipping info.Maia James
I haven’t researched this formula yet, but it’s on the list for the next time I update the guide!
Gigi
Great resource! Thank you! How about Bimbosan from Switzerland? How do they compare with Holle?
Maia James
Hi Anna-
Yes, the goat’s milk formula is great, as long as it’s used as “follow-on” milk. And definitely check with your pediatrician!
Anna
Hi! Thanks for this post. What do you think about Holle’s goats milk formula? Any better for little ones than their regular version?
Cheers.
Maia James
Hi Molly. I don’t know the difference between those two types of Gerber, and we don’t generally recommend boxed rice or oatmeal cereals. See more here: https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/rice-cereal
Maia James
Sorry for the confusion! The difference is that in the case of Honest formula, it uses less corn syrup. The main sweetener is lactose. Still, I think the European brands of formula—which contain no corn syrup—are better.
Rachel
Thanks Maia! Can’t wait to read your review on Aptamil one year. I’ve heard so many good things, but I’m hesitant.
Maia James
Hi Rachel-
If it were my baby, I would do Lebenswert Stage 1, but of course you should check with your pediatrician. You could also look into the new Baby’s Only whey formula. I need to do a review of Aptamil—stay tuned!
Rachel
Hi There,
Thank you so much for taking the time to help us mom’s out with all our questions! My son is almost a year old, and I was interested in giving him a few formula bottles a day at first. What formula would you recommend for that stage? Also, have you heard anything about Aptamil one year plus? thanks again!sophie
Hello. I,m little bit confuse. I’m from Europe but live in the US so I,m really concern about my future baby feeding. I’ll go with the Honest Cie formula, you put it in the “good stuff” but said "it contain corn syrup " too and in the “bad stuff” you replied "
glucose syrup is corn syrup so no I wouldn’t recommend a formula that contains it. What I should think ?Maia James says
Tuesday, December 8th, 2015 10:37 AM at 10:37 am
Melissa
My son is on lebenwert stage 1 and we both love it! Tried many things including honest brand and they all gave him tummy issues inckuding bouts of constipation. I finally took the plunge and bout Holle bevsyde Lebenswert was out of stock at the time. He didn’t care for it as much as Honest but he did drink it. Luckily I didn’t have to wait but a week to get the Lebenswert. So if you know you want to give your baby the best fornula you can, which unfortunately isn’t Found in the US, i recommend organic baby food 24. I did come across some people making negative comments about them after I placed my order. I was a little nervous honestly since I had just placed a large order(that’s why you gotta use PayPal!) but i just received my package yesterday and im very pleased! They had the lowest prices I could find which made me weary at first, Thinking why are they so much cheaper ?? Well sadly they are just fairly priced and other sites especially US based are over charging imo because they know it’s hard to come by. If you look on Amazon in the uk you will see what they pay for the same products. I’ve ordered from a few dif companies in the US and yes they were nice and product was good but I just can’t afford to give my baby the formula he deserves at their prices. So I decided to take a chance and shop around. This was my first time ordering from someone directly in Germany. The shipping isn’t free but when your getting charged fairly on the product you will see your still saving money. I ordered 15 boxes and they came packaged in their original boxes from Lebenswert holle! I was super impressed w that! Also they quoted 4 weeks for standard shipping but it only took 16 days and that’s w the busy holiday season! I’ve had every email responded to within 24 hrs and Laura was very patient w all my questions lol. I know theres a lot of uncertainty when ordering online especially when you hear or people selling fake formula so I wanted to share my experience w you all In hopes to ease your minds a little ? we are all here because we want what’s best for our babies but we shouldnt be takin advantage of in the process! I am not associated w this company and have not been payed for my review. Just a thrifty yet health conscious mom from the U.S. ? wanting to pass on my experience.
Molly
Hi again I am needing a little advice
So I started my LO on the baby’s only organic whey like you suggested he’s been doing great with it! Iam now trying to figure out what kind of oatmeal I should be Mixing with it (per Dr orders for reflux) what’s the difference between gerber oatmeal single grain and gerber oatmeal organic whole grain? And which is best and which brand do you recommend I seen a earths best brand also ? Thank you for all your help
Maia
Have you checked with Little World Organics or Organic Munchkin to see if they will ship to Canada? If your baby is doing well on the Baby’s Only, I think this is a good formula, although I would try the Whey formula as it looks even better!
Maia
Hi Sarah-
Of the ones you listed, I would definitely avoid Similac. I would go with Baby’s Only or Honest and see how your baby does on both. If it were my baby and I were trying Baby’s Only, I would opt for the one with DHA. My best advice is to go to a pediatrician you trust and have him or her weigh in!
Maia James
Have you checked out Baby’s Only?
Amynah
Hi
My 3 month old has been on Holle formula. He has really bad eczema that’s getting worse. Any recommendations for non dairy formulas? Which one is cleaner?
Sarah
My son is 7.5 months now and ive tried various formulas (mainly organic similac).
Im researching to see which one would be best moving forward and trying to decide between these:
1. Organic similac
2. Honest brand organic formula
3. Babys only toddler (dha or no dha)?
Any recommendations?
Kayla
Hi there,
Would you happen to know a place that I could order from and have it shipped to Canada that is a reliable website for Holle baby formula? Also, my baby likes babys only with the DHA and ARA would you recommend sticking with this or alternatingMaia James
Hi there! I would definitely have your doctor take a look at the ingredients on Baby’s Only and see if he or she thinks it’s appropriate for your baby.
Maia James
I think it’s Good Stuff!:)
Maia James
Hi Adena-
I don’t think doctors are taught much about the details of the nutritional content of infant formula in medical school. My pediatrician, for one, definitely recommended an organic formula. Certainly you can ask a pediatrician you trust to look at the labels of any of the Good Stuff formulas and see what he or she thinks.
Adena
If enfamil is so bad then why is that the choice of formula at the hospital and drs offices?
Jessica
I am looking for an organic formula to supplement my dairy sensitive 5 month old son with. I was leaning towards the Baby’s Only Lactorelief since it’s much easier to get my hands on than the Holle or Lebenswert, however, many of the reviews that I’ve read on ALL Baby’s Only formulas is that it caused major constipation issues. Is this a valid concern? Also, the whole “toddler formula” thing is throwing me off. Maybe under 1 year old is too young to handle this formula?
Maia James
Hi there! Here is where we compared HiPP and Holle: https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/hipp-versus-holle-which-european-infant-formula-is-healthier/
Maia James
Hi Lorien-
We recently blogged about this. You can find the post here: https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/rice-cereal
Maia James
glucose syrup is corn syrup so no I wouldn’t recommend a formula that contains it.
Maia James
It does not contain palm oil (at least not as of the last time I looked into it—of course they can always change their ingredients).
If I were you I would probably try the Baby’s Only Whey formula (which does not contain added DHA/ARA).Maia James
Hi Kina-
I still don’t like Enfamil—-bad oils and sugars, etc. Non-GMO is a start, but they have a ways to go!
Kina
What do you think of Enfamil Non-Gmo infant formula, please?
Molly H
I looked into it from what you have mentioned about it, I was a little confused BC when I went online to natures one it said on one can with DHA ARA on the front of the can , and on the other one it just said dairy but when I clicked on it it says contains fatty acids that convert to DHA and ARA, so is that still good? And does it does not contain palm oil correct?
Maia James
Hi Molly-
Have you checked out Baby’s Only?
Molly H
Hi, I am new to all of this I could not breast feed my LO, so he has been on enfamil gentleease since birth he is 8 weeks old and has now been on 4 different formulas (gentleease, AR, Nutrimagen, Similac Alimentum ) he has terrible gas, reflux, fussy, cries half way through bottle, chokes, looses breath, kicks his head back and arches his back was really constipated, is on oatmeal in his bottles and takes Zantac, gerber soothe, and lactulose when constipated… it has been a stressful 8 weeks and a battle that has yet to be solved. I came across a article tonight about formula with added DHA/ARA and how it is bad for them and every symptom describe was a effect from the DHA/ARA. Do you know of any formula that does not have that In it that I can purchase from a local store (Walmart,Walgreens,Cvs,etc) instead of waiting on shipment for something. Any help or advice is so so appreciated Thank you
cristina
Hello! It is better holle than hipp ?
what are the diferentes?
if i choose holle, you need to add fish oil ?
and wich fish oil do you recommend?
Thank you!
Dawn
Hi Maia,
Thank you so much for your help!! You’re really providing a wonderful service here!Maia James
Hi Maya-
If it were me, I’d probably go for the one with DHA. Be sure to check with your pediatrician for Baby’s Only on an infant that young:). And congrats on your baby!
Maia James
Hi Kay:
Here is my top choice: https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/holle-lebenswert-infant-formula/.
Second would be Holle.
Kayla
Hi there,
I am 20 weeks pregnant but am still breastfeeding my 9 month old my milk supply has officially dwindled and I can tell my little guy is still hungry I’m having trouble getting him to take formula I had ordered holle months ago when o first found out I was pregnant and was giving top ups at night to get him use to it but he all of a sudden stopped. Out of all the formulas which one would you personally recommend to be one of the safest? I know you mentioned holle but I also noticed it has Palm oil when baby’s only does not? Out of holle, hipp and babys only how would you rate them as your number one? We live in Canada so of course most would have to be ordered. Thank you KayMaya
Thank you for this article!! Question, if it was your child, 6 weeks old.. Would you do the baby’s only with DHA or regular baby’s only? Thanks again :)
Maia James
Hi Dawn-
I reached out to Harry and here is what he said: Yes we are an american company, 100% based in the usa.
We ship 99% of our packages from here and our customer service here as well.
However we also have a warehouse in europe where all our supply goes first then gets dispatched to us. We may also ship from there if we have a stock issue here or if the customer order a large amount (or if they ordered Lebenswert). We can also ship packages from there that are bound to new york city area as they arrive overnight. Of course all those packages get also shipped with 2 day shipping.
Dawn
Hi, I’ve ordered from Beyond Organic Baby and everything seems fine, except that I thought they were based in the U.S. My packages are arriving from France. Do you think this is a problem, or should that not make a difference? Thanks so much for all the great info you are providing!!!
Michelle Gregory
Has anyone used barebottoms organics to buy formula? Any idea if it’s a reputable source to buy from ?
Maia James
Hi Melissa-
Felix also had some Enfamil in the early days of his life…before I had done the research! Don’t beat yourself up. But do pop back in and let us know how he does with the Baby’s Only! Thanks:).
-M