Types of Toxic & Non-Toxic Cookware
Pots and pans come in a wide range of materials. Some cookware materials are okay, if you have the right variety, or if you don’t use them every day. Let’s go through these one by one, including the brands we recommend.
Nontoxic Cookware Materials
The following materials are always non-toxic. We will share our favorite brands made of these materials below, under The Best Stuff.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is sometimes used for frying pans and woks. It’s similar to cast iron, and can leach small amounts of iron into food, which is great if you have someone with slight anemia in your home!
Cast Iron
For most of human history, people suffered from iron deficiencies, so cooking with cast iron helped to prevent anemia. In modern cultures, the opposite is true. Most of us get plenty of iron, and there’s a point at which ingesting too much can be problematic. In our kitchen, we try to switch between cast iron pans and pans made of other materials throughout the week. If you want to be extra cautious, you could avoid cast iron for recipes with long cooking duration or acidic foods, as this will cause increased iron leaching.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel pans are generally Good Stuff. The only caveat here is that stainless steel is made with nickel (the more nickel in the mix, the more “stainless” it is). The problem is that our bodies can handle some nickel, but too much isn’t healthy. This means that high quality stainless steel cookware, which has higher percentages of nickel, is actually of more concern than lower quality stainless steel! We know that stainless steel pans do leach nickel (along with some chromium and iron), especially with longer cooking times and when cooking acidic foods such as tomatoes. To minimize the potential for nickel leaching, you’d ideally want a pan that’s 18/4 or 18/0 stainless steel (that first number is the percentage of chromium; the second is nickel). I wouldn’t be concerned about using stainless steel as long as you just switch up your cookware. If you sometimes using cast iron and enamel pots and pans, you won’t be exposing yourself to too much nickel from stainless steel. If you’re still worried, you could avoid stainless steel when cooking acidic foods for long time periods.
Tempered Glass
Glass is probably the most inert of any cooking surface, and you can even get pots and pans made of this ultimate Good Stuff!
Titanium
Titanium is a non-toxic and biocompatible metal, so it is used for medical instruments, dental implant devices, and joint replacements. Titanium is also lightweight and extremely strong. Titanium cookware uses an aluminum base for even heat transfer and distribution. The non-porous, non-stick titanium outer surface does not allow any aluminum to leach through. The only reason to be cautious about titanium cookware is that it seems that most manufacturers now coat their titanium cookware with non-stick finishes, rendering it “Bad Stuff.”
Materials That May Be Safe in Cookware
When shopping for non-toxic cookware, some of these materials come in safe forms. Other times, they are treated (or untreated, as the case may be) in a way that renders them less safe.
Clay
Without testing a clay pot for every possible contaminant, you have no way of knowing what might be leaching into your food. Without a glaze on the pot, there is no protective barrier between what’s in the clay and your meal. The risks of unglazed clay pots and pans outweigh the potential benefits of the good minerals that might leach into your food—calcium, iron, etc.
Coated Ceramic
Made from natural materials such as clay and minerals, ceramic cookware offers excellent heat retention and distribution. Its non-reactive surface makes it ideal for cooking acidic foods, and it is also appreciated for its nontoxic nonstick cookware properties, requiring less oil or fat during cooking. Furthermore, it is generally considered safer than nonstick alternatives since it doesn’t contain potentially harmful chemicals like PFOA or PTFE. Ceramic cookware can be considered a safe less-stick if not truly truly non-stick material. Some ceramic cookware is coated with materials that may contain harmful substances like lead, cadmium, and other heavy metals. To ensure safety, it is crucial to choose ceramic cookware that is labeled as free from toxic materials and is certified as being compliant with safety standards.
Enamel
In essence, enamel is a form of glass. Enameled cookware is most often cast iron with an enamel coating. This type of cookware is wonderful to cook with. Some people have worried about lead in the enamel cookware, since the enamel coating is often made of clay, which can leach lead. For this reason, we suggest choosing high quality enamel cookware from well-known brands.
Newer Non-Stick Materials
For more details on these materials, and the brands we like most (and which brands should be avoided), check out the Best, Good, Bad, and Sneaky brands that follow. You can’t necessarily believe brands that advertise themselves as nontoxic nonstick cookware.
247 comments
Susan Pearce
Reply to REBA, regarding your April 8, 2018, comment:
Yesterday, I was reading things from this web page and I decided to contact Pampered Chef with my question: “I have a baking stone from Pampered Chef that I bought in 1996. Have you tested your stoneware with the California Prop. 65 test? I am concerned about unsafe metals that could be leaching out into the food. Thanks.” Today, I received this reply: “Hello, “Thank you for contacting Pampered Chef. “Our products meet and exceed FDA, Prop 65, EU, and Germany requirements. Please note that our stoneware is sourced from clay and will have some natural variation. “If your stoneware has a glaze: “The glaze mix is a proprietary blend. It uses a blend of water, the same clay components in the base, common solvents that are evaporated during the manufacturing process, and colorants. The Stoneware glaze is fired above 2000 F and will form a glass in its fired stage. In the finished, fired state, the glazed stoneware meets and / or exceeds FDA, Prop 65, and EU regulations. “If there is anything more we can do for you or should you have any additional questions, please do not hesitate to contact me or any member of the Customer Solutions Team.” I am not sure that the person who told me that was keeping in mind that I bought mine in 1996. I wonder if that makes a difference. Also, I am pretty sure mine does not have a glaze, since it is not shiny.Cathy
I’m searching for healthier cookware. I am wondering your thoughts on the Goodful, which is made specifically for Macy’s? It’s ceramic cookware is a new line for Goodful. Wanted to know if it past your test for healthy “good” cookware?
Abigail
Thank you so much for this article! What can you tell me about Bialetti Aeternum ceramic, non-stick cookware? I read your section about the “sneaky” brands that say PFOA-free, and I was concerned when I read that on their label, but then it also says PTFE-free. In your expert opinion, is it still “sneaky”?
Thank you!Alexis
I’d like to know more about this lavarock. I clicked the link and Amazon is not sure if it will be back again. Any other recommended brands or just this one (which is discontinued). Also any other carbon fiber brands you recommend?
Thanks in advanceBest Ceramic Cookware
Thanks for your information dear. I get to know some useful ideas about the product guide.
Angie
Wow nevermind I just saw that that is first on your list! Sorry for being so unobservant! I love this page – I refer back to it every time I am shopping for cookware!
Angie
What about Carbon Steel?
Steve
Calphalon made in China. All-Clad made in USA. All-Clad much higher quality.
Leesa
I’m looking into different brands for Stainless steel pans (All-Clad, Calphalon, etc) and it is really hard to find pans that are actually 100% stainless steel. They all have some kind of clad technology where the aluminum core is clad with stainless steel. Are these still fine? The ones that are 100% stainless steel have a heavy bottom that is made of aluminum and wrapped in stainless steel. What are your thoughts on these?
N
What about Usa Pans?
Jackie
Could you tell me if the “Instant Pots” are safe? I know you mention slow cookers, but since these are so new, I was’t sure if that was included.
Sean
What are your thoughts on boiling water for coffee and tea in a stainless steel kettle? I do this every day several times a day. Am I getting trace amounts of metal in every cup? I noticed you recommend kettles from xtrema and staub, but those are kind of pricey and heavy so I was just wondering if my cheap stainless steel kettle is ok. Since there is no scrapping of the kettle but just boiling of water, I wonder if any leaching is occuring. Thanks
Suzanne Weaver-Goss
Yes, it’s fine for short term.
Nereida
Hi guys
Just wondering is it ok to store food in the stainless steel pot that it’s been cooked in? I usually do that. I wonder if it’s a bad thing. Thank you so much
Steve
Vintage Pyrex ovenware was painted with leaded paint, which rubs off on the outside. If on the inside, like some white glass, it can leach into food. Anything made with clear tempered glass is safe, like pots, pans, glasses.
TuffToodle
Hello – I saw a few others mention that Greenpan’s coating is silicoN and not silicoNE – I was wondering if this changes your recommendation? I would love to buy the xtrema, but I have heard terrible things about how easy it is to break ceramic cookware – and unfortunately cookware is something I can’t afford to replace! My current set is terrible and I really need to settle on something healthy and durable.
Mina Edinburgh
I appreciate it when you said that it wouldn’t be dangerous to use stainless steel as long as the person changes the type that they are using every once in a while. If so, then it’s good since mom has a ceramic cookware available in the house. She just needs stainless steel for some dishes that seems better made if the cookware is made out of the material. I will mention this to her. Thanks.
Karen
Can you share thoughts on this?
https://www.amazon.com/Vremi-Piece-Ceramic-Nonstick-Cookware/dp/B071LSL3SP/ref=sr_1_1?s=kitchen&ie=UTF8&qid=1535471451&sr=1-1&keywords=vremi Thanks, KarenKaren Kopicki
I have a lot of Corning Ware casserole dish’s but have read some of them have lead in the design on the outside? Also some can have arsenic in them? The designs I have are Spice of Life and Country Festival. I also have a lot of Stainless Steel Revere Ware with copper on the outside bottom of the pans. Are there any health risk cooking with the above cookware?
Thank you
Candy
does anyone know if “red copper” cookware is toxic?
Candy
What about “ceramic copper infused cookware” otherwise known as “Red Copper”? Thanks
Kyra (kEARuh)
Hi! I’m looking for cookware that’s on the “safer” side, preferably non-stick (that i’m finding is not particularly safe even if it’s “safe”). At this point, the research has got me completely bonkers. The metals, the toxins, the tests, the results, warnings, recommendations to this use this pan for that, that pan for this… It’s overwhelming. I’m no expert cook, I don’t think about possibly using using cast iron for one dish and stainless steel for another. I just want a decent home-cooked meal without thinking I’m poisoning myself because of the cookware I’m using or double poisoning myself because I burned "whatever "the other day in the cookware i’m using. I’ve spent three and a half decades of my life eating what was put before me without a thought of what it was cooked in, and seem to be just fine, so I’m not sure why it matters, but it does! For whatever reason it does. I don’t own a microwave or use aluminum foil if I don’t have to and I don’t even remember why, haha… Ugh, I’m cookware babbling. In a nutshell, I’ve narrowed it down to two brands/three types. Le Creuset: toughened non-stick, and two GreenPan: Padova ceramic non-stick OR Paris Pro anodized aluminum ceramic. I did read about GreenPan and the use of silicone, but other articles have said it’s silicon, sans the e, and that there’s a difference. More to overwhelm me, sigh. But I must forge on! There’s mediocre pastas and soups and breakfast dishes to be made! Any words of wisdom/advice on the three I’ve listed? And knowledge regarding silicone vs. silicon?
Thanks for taking the time to read this.
Suzanne Weaver-Goss
Hi Joanna, We remain wary of any aluminum cookware. We don’t want to be alarmist. Having said that, almost every “non-stick” cooking surface that was once deemed “safe” has later been found to be concerning…at best.
Joanna
Do you know anything about circulon anodized cookware? It’s label non stick. Just want to make sure it’s bad before I ditch them.
Jackie
Hi, how can you determine if a ceramic coated or porcelain enamel pan is treated with a non stick chemical? I’ve seen many advertised at “Ceramic coating is naturally non stick which sounds like it hasn’t been treated with an added chemical but of course that can be misleading. Can you give any advice on how to determine this? Thanks!
Lesya
Hello,
I’m wondering if you ever heard of the brand The Rock by Heritage and what your thoughts are on that type of cookware.EL Mehdi
Thanks for sharing this guide. It’s very informative.
I was wondering, which cookware type would you recommend for a beginner to start with?
John Goss
Hi Audrey,
John here…
We are not fans of any cookware that claims “non-stick”. There are several new-ish technologies out there but we are yet to be convinced that they are totally non-toxic.
Audrey
Hi Maia,
I’m looking to get a deal on safe cookware and found a couple at Costco. I’m wondering if they’re actually as good as they advertise. Do you have any knowledge on these brands? Green Pan- ceramic nonstick, and stainless steel on the the outside Henckels- ceraforce ceramic nonstick, PTFE and PFOA free, and stainless steel tri-ply clad Thank you!Jessica
Hi Maia and John – Do you have thoughts on non-toxic cutting boards or plans to develop a guide? I’m having trouble finding anything that I feel confident isn’t filled with glue or, if it isn’t, would be safe for cutting meat. Thoughts? Thanks!
Reba
Hi there, I’m just seeing this so forgive me if already mentioned. To expound on The Pampered Chef’s products, above the original article it says non-glazed stoneware is deemed unsafe given it’s unknown what could be leeching into the food. I’ve been using The Pampered Chef bare stones (non glazed) for several years now. Do you suppose though they build up oils for a non-stick coating that they are still considered unsafe to use? (I use bar pan stone, pizza stone and similar as well as muffin pan stone) As with my cast iron pans I only use coconut oil or my own rendered lard from the farm to bake with (unless it’s a meat with it’s own oils.
John Goss
Hi Alyssa,
As for the Ceramacor/Xtrema debate… It is true that lead is ubiquitous in the modern world. It is also true that we should avoid it whenever we can. The tests conducted by Ceramacor are done to discover if any heavy metals could leach from their products over time. This is the extractability test. The test used by Tamara is the XFR test which bombards an object with gamma rays and “reads” the atomic-level reactions for signatures of various compounds/elements. XFR tells us if there are ANY heavy metals in an object. Extractability tells us if any heavy metals are likely to escape from an object and thus present a threat. I believe that Mr Bergstrom is correct when he suggests that there is essentially zero cookware on the planet that is 100% free from any heavy metals or toxins. He is also probably correct that Xtrema cookware is likely the most rigorously tested cookware available. This does not mean that Xtrema is 100% free from lead and the heavy metals. It simply means that exposure to those substances is unlikely. In this particular case they discuss the label baked into the enamel on the bottom of the pan, It seems clear that lead paint may be used on that label. It is also possible that after extensive use/wear the lead in that label might become exposed. That is indeed a concern. The enamel coating applied to these pans is fired at around 2500 degrees…far far hotter than your pan will ever get sitting on top of a burner. This means that it is unlikely to simply melt and expose the offending label. But as we all know, the bottom of pans can become abraded over time and in that way the lead might become exposed. There is no reasonable way for us to determine how many months, years or decades it might take for that to happen. So it comes down to this: Xtrema is likely the most tested cookware on the planet and it appears to pass all the governmental standards. (many governmental standards are not as rigorous as some of us wish but that’s another conversation) Without similar tests conducted on cast iron, stainless steel, carbon steel, glass etc it is not a truly level playing field. People have been cooking with cast iron and stainless steel for a long time so we tend to think they are ok…and generally speaking they probably are ok. Generally speaking Xtrema is likely also ok. If I were in the market for Xtrema I’d probably wait to buy until Mr. Bergstrom changed the labels. Thanks, John GossJohn here from GGS…
Thanks for the great question. I read the blog by Tamara Rubin and followed the back and forth email thread between
Tamara and Richard Bergstrom (Head of Ceramacor/Xtrema) until my eyes were falling out! :)
This is a classic example of just how difficult it can be to arrive at “THE TRUTH” when researching these sorts of things.
Here at Gimme the Good Stuff we try to arrive at conclusions, and make subsequent recommendations based upon reasonable,
real-world concerns. We’ve found that once we skew towards extremes it is a slippery slope into vast amounts of both data
and opinion. Once that starts most of our readers can simply sigh and give up. Our site exists to provide folks with
short-cuts to a realistic view that will allow them quickly make decisions about which products to buy/use while retaining
a sense that they are taking reasonable steps to reduce the toxic load that we are all exposed to.
Alyssa Lindsay
Hi Maia,
I really value your site and use it frequently as a tool for purchasing the healthiest items for my family. I recently went ahead a purchased a few pans from Xtrema and have generally really loved cooking with them, however, I recently came across an article by Tamara Rubin http://tamararubin.com/category/xtrema/ about her finding lead in their branding on the bottom of the cookware. What are you thoughts on this? I really do love the brand and I hope it is safe to cook with. Thank you.Kristin clark
Is the Pioneer Woman porcelain enamel nonstick aluminum cookware safe or sneaky stuff? Thank you!
Bailey
Hello, thank you for the information. Is the Pampered Chef Stoneware line healthy? It seems like a good option that becomes nonstick over time with use. Thanks!
Mel
Hi Maia—
I also had that question about the Ziploc freezer bags. Can you share with us why you are okay with them? I would love to use but have a baby and want her to be safe, etc. Also: As long as I’m typing—one of your readers mentioned concerns with stainless steel from China on your FB page. Ever heard that?Bee Healthy
SaladMaster makes uncoated titanium pans. They are unconscionably expensive but I love the one I have (bought used on eBay, i would never pay full price).
Maia James
Yes, I do!
Maia James
Hi there-
This is on Marcela’s label—which the Xtrema pan doesn’t have. But regardless, the label isn’t going to leach into food and isn’t of concern.
Maia James
We have not yet published a safe bakeware guide, but the rules are more or less the same—avoid nonstick, namely!
Maia James
We will be sure to add SCANPAN to our review when we update this post:)
Maia James
We will be sure to include these brands when we update this guide! Thanks!
Kelly
I too read this the other evening. We switched over our cookware to Xtrema over the last year and a half and now I’m concerned with our choice! I’m wondering your thoughts on this testing as well Gimme the Good Stuff.
Perene
Hi! For teapots do you recommend switching from aluminum to stainless steel? Thanks
Kathy Smith
Thanks for sharing this Content.What area unit your thoughts on the Green pan Diamond, specifically Diamond pots and pans?
Amanda Hat
Hi! Just wondering if you had seen the results of this test done on xtrema and if so whether you thought it was concerning? About to take the plunge and completely revamp our cookware and would love your thoughts on this before purchasing any xtrema products :-)
http://tamararubin.com/2017/06/mercola_pan/Natalie
Currently we use All-Clad, borosilicate glass from France, a couple pieces of antique cast iron (a griddle and a skillet that we use daily), one large le creuset dutch oven and only a few remaining pieces of pampered chef stoneware. The stoneware is one that I’ve never been completely sure of. We had a ton of it and got rid of most all of it besides a few baking sheets. We do use them often, however, a lot of the time I find myself covering the surface with unbleached parchment paper. Do you have any info regarding the pampered chef stoneware?
Tom
Sorry, having no option to edit, I would like to provide the picture for my cookware set that I described above: http://www.imfweb.com/en/catalogo/producto/5575/6-pieces-cookware-set-basic
Tom
Thanks for the education. May I ask: I have a set of “ELKENS” (“Acero Inoxidable”) very light, not very high quality, received as accumulated bonus points from the store. It deveoped white spots on its bottom after a first oatmeal that stick to the bottom a bit. How bad is it? Or is it good? It smells from the beginning like some metal.
Deanna Coronato
Hi Maia,
Thanks so much for the cookware guide and all you do to find safe products! I was wondering if you have gotten to the bakeware yet. We are purchasing new pans now and are in desperate need for bakeware as well. Before I spend money, I would love some guidance. Thank you so much, Deanna