Healthiest Baby Formula: Other Things to Consider
When you’re searching for the healthiest baby formula for your infant, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. You’re going to hear about things like whey/casein ratio and A2 milk. Let’s look at some of the factors worth considering when you’re looking at the best formula brands.
Whey/Casein Ratio
In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:
- Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
- Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.
There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.
Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.
So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.
We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.
Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.
Prebiotics & Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.
Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome. In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics and probiotics to their products.
There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.
Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.
Aluminum in Infant Formulas
Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).
It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.
It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.
We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.
There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:
- Choosing breastmilk if possible.
- Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
- Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.
A2 Milk
You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”
Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggeste that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestional distress.
Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.
Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.
DHA/ARA
DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.
We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.
The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.
If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.
Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.
Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.
BPA in Formula Cans
Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!
Healthiest Baby Formula FAQs
What is the closest formula to breast milk?
Needless to say, I’m pro-breastfeeding. I have only two kids, but I breastfed for a total of 7 years, so you can do the math. But of course I also know amazing parents who formula feed their (very healthy!) children.
Every formula brand claims that their nutrient blend most closely mimics breast milk. Based on our research process, we think that ByHeart and Kabrita get the closest.
What’s the best hypoallergenic baby formula?
Some babies, like those with milk protein allergies, need a hypoallergenic formula. Sometimes called “gentle,” these formulas contain hydrolyzed proteins, which means that they are broken down and more digestible.
Many pediatricians recommend Pregestimil or Nutramigen (both by Enfamil) or Alimentum (by Similac). If forced to choose between these, I would go for the Alimentum since it skips the carrageenan and corn syrup. But I can’t call any of these Good Stuff since all three contain ingredients of concern and none is organic. Nutramigen is probably the very worst of these, comprised of 48% corn syrup solids!!
If it were my baby, I would choose HiPP HA organic baby formula, which contains no sugar, corn syrup, or maltodextrin, and is full of good prebiotics. You also might want to try HiPP Anti-Reflux formula if your baby has a sensitive stomach. It’s made with 100% whey and no casein to prevent reflux.
If you want an American brand, Bobbie Organic Gentle is the only one that is sweetened with just lactose.
Please check with your pediatrician first if you suspect an intolerance or allergy.
Can you give an infant a “toddler” formula?
I know many parents who have chosen to feed their infants a “toddler” formula. Most toddler formulas contain the 29 key nutrients that are required by the FDA for infant formula. Some of these are the best formula brands out there but are not marketed as infant formula because the brands haven’t completed the infant feeding studies. A few notes on this country’s formula rules and regulations, by the way:
- The recipe requirements are from the Infant Formula Act of 1980 (which I believe is in desperate need of an update!).
- Infant formula certification requires multi-year and multi-million dollar feeding studies.
- Thus, there is a huge barrier to entry for innovative companies or smaller brands. ByHeart is one of the few brands who did their own study. (More on them in this post.)
- In early 2022, the FDA recalled brands (e.g., Similac, Alimentum and EleCare) after babies drinking these formulas became ill. This was nearly 6 months after the FDA found out but failed to act on the information. In March of 2022, the FDA finally shut down the facility producing these formulas, which lead to a formula shortage.
Again, ask your pediatrician to review the nutrition label on any formula you’re considering.
Where is American baby formula made?
Almost all infant formula sold in this country is produced by just four manufacturers:
- Mead Johnson (Enfamil)
- Abbott Nutrition (Similac)
- Nestlé (Gerber)
- Perrigo (Bobbie, Earth’s Best, generic formulas for many grocery chains)
ByHeart is made in the U.S. in its own factory.
Should you use filtered water for baby formula?
Yes! Tap water may be contaminated with chlorine byproducts, weed killers, insecticides, solvents, lead, BPA, phthalates, PFAS…the list goes on. Fluoride is present in infant formula, and when combined with fluoridated tap water, infant exposure levels can exceed safe amounts. I think everyone should invest in a good water filter, but especially if you have a formula-fed baby in your home.
What is the safest baby bottle?
Here is a cheat sheet to help you choose the safest bottle for your baby, whether you are breast- or formula-feeding!
Should I consider a goat milk formula?
Yes! Goat milk may be more similar to human milk because it contains A2 beta-casein protein. For an in-depth look at the pros and cons, check out our post about goat milk formulas.
659 comments
Ashley
I am usually able to get Bimbosian from HolleHippos.com (local to San Diego).
Andrew Podolski
Thank you very much for sharing such an interesting article with us. I enjoyed reading this article and I’m looking forward to reading such more articles in the future as well. Keep on sharing more this kind of articles.
Shelley
I’d be interested if you’ve found any non-dairy formulas
Emily Fitzgerald
So I’m getting from this article that there are just no good soy based options? It is my absolute last choice to use soy, my doctor is claiming that my son had become temporarily lactose intolerant due to a lingering virus. I was given samples of prepared Enfamil soy and I’m desperate to even find an OK option for the time being until we can go back to our Holle.
Katie
Hi! I’ve used Holle in the past, and I’m very curious if you’ve determined the supply chain for Loulouka or found any independent test results of this newer brand? Thank you.
Sheryl
Thank you so much for writing this article! So much research has gone into this, and I thank you for saving me the hours I would have spent researching formulas and reading ingredients. I will have to supplement for a few months as my supply has plummeted since getting pregnant again. I tried everything, pumping around the clock, herbal supplements, even a two week nursing holiday! These measures helped a bit, but sadly it just isn’t enough for us to stay EBF. I’m about to run out of frozen milk so this information was very much needed. Thanks again for your hard work!
Andrew Podolski
This one is probably one of the best articles I have ever come across. Thank you very much for sharing this stuff, I have enjoyed reading this amazing article. Thank you very much for sharing this with us and I’m looking forward to reading more such articles in the future as well.
Keats Marley
Thank you very much for sharing such outstanding article with us. I was searching for such amazing article and I have ended up here. I really enjoyed this article and I’m looking forward to reading such amazing articles in the future as well.
Angela
FYI- my first son had milk protein allergy and I supplemented with HIPP hypoallergenic formula- he didn’t do great with it but his allergy was mild. I found out with my second son that this formula is not broken down as much as US hypoallergenic formula and is not intended or appropriate for milk protein allergy. My second son had a terrible reaction to it (as well as regular US hypoallergenic formulas) and had to be put on an amino acid based formula, all of which have horrific ingredients. He refuses to nurse due to severe reflux and continues to have bad reactions to pumped breastmilk even though I eliminated dairy and several other major food groups from my diet. I am curious about Bébé Mandorle, a rice based French formula but a bit nervous to try it. I can’t believe no companies in the US make an organic formula for milk protein allergic babies. I would pay so much money for a better quality formula.
Analu
Maia, can you please provide a response for the above questions?? These are actually very good questions that many of us moms have and would be great to have answered.
Nancy Moll
What are we to do? It is shameful that mothers in the US are not offered infant formula without soy and these other harmful ingredients. Formula is NOT regulated by the FDA….this should not be! Some EU countries have very strict rules for infant formula, and so should we!
Leanne Ao-yeong
what are your thoughts on bebe mandorle vegan formula?
Nicole Oliveira
I’m in the same boat, need to start supplementing my 10 month old and hoping to get my hands on Loulouka. I noticed that the Stage 2 has maltodextrin though (which is for 6-12 months) so not sure if it would be safe to stay with the maltodextrin-free Stage 1 even though he’s older? Really appreciate your insight!
**also, I know I need to refer to my paediatrician and you may not want to give ‘advice’ but I would certainly love to hear your ‘opinion’! ?Keats Marley
I was searching for such article and I have ended up here. Thank you very much for sharing such important stuff with us. I’m looking forward to reading this kind of amazing articles in the future as well.
Alina
Hello MAIA JAMES, You may know that Organic Start stopped selling the formula. So, What the next things do you have?
Elizabeth
Organic Start is no longer selling formula. None of the other companies you recommend sell Loulouka. I did find that “moo moo organics” sells it. Do you know anything about this company?
Kate
Is it important to move your baby from Stage 1 to higher stages as they get older? Can I just leave my baby with the Lebenswert Stage 1 up until twelve months since it has better ingredients?
Michelle
Any recommendations on formula lines for cow’s milk protein allergy/dairy free?
Trisha Rowe
What is your opinion on Kabrita Infant formula? We need to switch to goat milk for my 7 week old preemie and I’m having a hard time deciding. She is extremely colicky and already has constipation which I read the Holle brand is known to cause. Thanks for your insight!
Keats Marley
I was searching for such an article and I have ended up here. Thank you very much for sharing such amazing article with us. I’m looking forward to reading such interesting articles in the future as well.
Emily
Hi Maia,
I breastfed my daughter for 8 months and I am now searching for the best formula. Would you still recommend Loulouka for this age? Thank you for all your research and info to help mamas give their babes the best!
Chelsea
Please disregard my question! I just re-read the Plum section and realized you were saying Baby’s Only is the one that is not FDA approved for infants, not Happy Baby. Thanks!
chelsea
Hello, Thanks for the great info. I was going to buy the Happy Baby Organic based on your review, but are you saying that it is not FDA approved? And therefore people/peds feel more comfortable with Plum organics instead? Why is the lack of FDA approval not listed under your drawbacks about the Happy Baby formula? I almost bought it, but was glad I kept reading the rest of the article and realized that this is the main reason people buy Plum instead.
Maia James
I’d have to defer to your pediatrician on when exactly you should switch. I’d be going to Kabrita, were it my toddler.
Maia James
Simply because I have a slight preference for goat milk over cow. Loulouka stage 3 is also a great choice!
Ana
Hello! Thank you so much for this list! My LO is 13 months now and I want to stop pumping. However, I’ll still nurse at night and in the morning. During the day, I want to supplement with formula. It seems that your recommendation would be Kabrita but why not Loulouka stage 3 (as you recommended it for stage 1)?
Natalie
At what stage do you stop Lebenswert stage one and switch? What do you recommend switching to?
Maia James
See above—it’s now in this review:)
Maia James
Definitely Good Stuff!
Katie Wilson
Thanks for these great tips on how to find the right baby formula. I agree that avoiding nonorganic ingredients and things soy would be really helpful for your child. My sister is unable to breastfeed her child, so she’ll have to find a good formula for her baby.
Jen
I just saw that Kabrita now has an infant goat milk formula. What do you think about this?
Faith
Curious about this too!
Jessica
Hi Maia,
Thank you for all this incredible information. This momma, values your opinion and research more than you can ever imagine! I love lebenswert stage 1 formula. It worked so well for supplementing my first born. Expecting my second and researching again to make sure nothing has changed in the two years. I noticed another European brand, Loulouka. Would you be able to review it and see which category you would classify it? Thanks!sue
HI Maia
What are your thoughts re new organic formula Biostime in Australia.
Sue
Kristine
Hi Maia,
Wondering if you know the type of folate in the infant Euro formulas. I’m specifically looking for one that uses methylfolate or folinic acid and methylcobalamin. The term folic acid is ambiguous and doesn’t tell the whole story. I have several people that are also looking for methylated B vitamins in a formula. Any help is appreciated.mantamom
Good choice :) There is really nothing better than Hipp and Holle if you want healthy organic for your baby.. We can recommend this online store https://www.buyorganicformula.com/default.asp
they have excellent customer service and free shipping
mantamom
I need to recommend https://www.buyorganicformula.com/Holle-Goat-s/107.htm
It works great for us
mantamom
I totally agree..
I completely agree .. I get the organic baby formula on this site and I am very satisfied .. I really think that it is unnecessary to talk about the quality of Hipp and Holle, definitely the best for babies that the market can offer..
Peggy D
If you want a really reliable source than try
https://www.buyorganicformula.com/default.asp
Pegi Su
I am sure that you will be completely satisfied with https://www.buyorganicformula.com/category-s/101.htm
Eleana Stephens
Hi Maia,
At first, thank you for this amazing guideline. To speak the truth, I don’t like the baby formula so much. But as my baby is growing up so I want to give him some extra. This guideline has cleared many of my confusion. I have bought the “Kabrita” baby formula. And now I’m really happy with this.
sara
I bought my grandson’s formula Lebenswert at Organic Start. It was pricey , but, it stopped the fussiness.
Service was great. It took only a coupled of days to get the formula.
He is ,now, a happy toddler.
Maia James
I’ve heard of them yes, but I haven’t spoken with them personally.
Maia James
Wow! This one actually totally looks like Good Stuff, but it’s also sold out on its website as well as Amazon—I wonder if the company folded?
Maia James
Hi there- Well, I tend to think Europe is better than we are when it comes to food and health regulations, so I’d probably try the Stage 3 were it my baby! Glad she’s done so well on Kabrita:).
Negar
Hi Maia,
Thank you so much for all of the work that you did on this. I had a lot of issues producing enough breast milk and this blog gave me a lot of knowledge and peace of mind as I was choosing a formula for baby. We ended up going with Kabrita and she did great on it. She’s almost 12 months now, so I was about to purchase the Kabrita toddler formula that you recommend, but then I saw that Kabrita has made a Stage 3 formula (for 12 months ) in addition to the Kabrita toddler formula (package says for 12-24 months). I couldn’t tell what the difference was between the two so my husband emailed someone at Kabrita. They responded and simply said that Kabrita stage 3 follows the EU guidelines for formula while the Kabrita toddler follows the US guidelines for formula. Which of the two do you recommend?
Amanda
What Formula would you suggest? My daughter is on the same Similac and I was thinking about the Holle Pre Bio. What are your thoughts on that?
Mike
Have you heard of or know anything about Vera Farms organic toddler formula? It looks good “on paper”, but we have not found any reliable reviews of it yet.
https://vera-farms.comNatalie
Why European formulas are better than organic non gmo American ones?? From your article it isn’t clear at all. ALL German formulas contain maltodextrin! Most of them contain fluoride! You must be kidding telling that it’s the best stuff)) .
Plus, people, do you understand that all your orders traveling by airplane. All orders go through X-ray! If not, would be surprised, then it’s still on a airplane where level of radiation is huge. We all know it.
Think twice before ordering European formulas…
Natalie
Jess
Thank you so much for this wealth of information. Our baby will be born via gestational surrogate and I want to make sure we have HIPP Ready-to-Feed stage 1 on hand in case we can’t get enough donor breast milk. Have you heard of the vendor Formulaland.com?