Healthiest Baby Formula: Other Things to Consider
When you’re searching for the healthiest baby formula for your infant, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. You’re going to hear about things like whey/casein ratio and A2 milk. Let’s look at some of the factors worth considering when you’re looking at the best formula brands.
Whey/Casein Ratio
In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:
- Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
- Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.
There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.
Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.
So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.
We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.
Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.
Prebiotics & Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.
Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome. In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics and probiotics to their products.
There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.
Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.
Aluminum in Infant Formulas
Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).
It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.
It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.
We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.
There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:
- Choosing breastmilk if possible.
- Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
- Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.
A2 Milk
You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”
Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggeste that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestional distress.
Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.
Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.
DHA/ARA
DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.
We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.
The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.
If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.
Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.
Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.
BPA in Formula Cans
Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!
Healthiest Baby Formula FAQs
What is the closest formula to breast milk?
Needless to say, I’m pro-breastfeeding. I have only two kids, but I breastfed for a total of 7 years, so you can do the math. But of course I also know amazing parents who formula feed their (very healthy!) children.
Every formula brand claims that their nutrient blend most closely mimics breast milk. Based on our research process, we think that ByHeart and Kabrita get the closest.
What’s the best hypoallergenic baby formula?
Some babies, like those with milk protein allergies, need a hypoallergenic formula. Sometimes called “gentle,” these formulas contain hydrolyzed proteins, which means that they are broken down and more digestible.
Many pediatricians recommend Pregestimil or Nutramigen (both by Enfamil) or Alimentum (by Similac). If forced to choose between these, I would go for the Alimentum since it skips the carrageenan and corn syrup. But I can’t call any of these Good Stuff since all three contain ingredients of concern and none is organic. Nutramigen is probably the very worst of these, comprised of 48% corn syrup solids!!
If it were my baby, I would choose HiPP HA organic baby formula, which contains no sugar, corn syrup, or maltodextrin, and is full of good prebiotics. You also might want to try HiPP Anti-Reflux formula if your baby has a sensitive stomach. It’s made with 100% whey and no casein to prevent reflux.
If you want an American brand, Bobbie Organic Gentle is the only one that is sweetened with just lactose.
Please check with your pediatrician first if you suspect an intolerance or allergy.
Can you give an infant a “toddler” formula?
I know many parents who have chosen to feed their infants a “toddler” formula. Most toddler formulas contain the 29 key nutrients that are required by the FDA for infant formula. Some of these are the best formula brands out there but are not marketed as infant formula because the brands haven’t completed the infant feeding studies. A few notes on this country’s formula rules and regulations, by the way:
- The recipe requirements are from the Infant Formula Act of 1980 (which I believe is in desperate need of an update!).
- Infant formula certification requires multi-year and multi-million dollar feeding studies.
- Thus, there is a huge barrier to entry for innovative companies or smaller brands. ByHeart is one of the few brands who did their own study. (More on them in this post.)
- In early 2022, the FDA recalled brands (e.g., Similac, Alimentum and EleCare) after babies drinking these formulas became ill. This was nearly 6 months after the FDA found out but failed to act on the information. In March of 2022, the FDA finally shut down the facility producing these formulas, which lead to a formula shortage.
Again, ask your pediatrician to review the nutrition label on any formula you’re considering.
Where is American baby formula made?
Almost all infant formula sold in this country is produced by just four manufacturers:
- Mead Johnson (Enfamil)
- Abbott Nutrition (Similac)
- Nestlé (Gerber)
- Perrigo (Bobbie, Earth’s Best, generic formulas for many grocery chains)
ByHeart is made in the U.S. in its own factory.
Should you use filtered water for baby formula?
Yes! Tap water may be contaminated with chlorine byproducts, weed killers, insecticides, solvents, lead, BPA, phthalates, PFAS…the list goes on. Fluoride is present in infant formula, and when combined with fluoridated tap water, infant exposure levels can exceed safe amounts. I think everyone should invest in a good water filter, but especially if you have a formula-fed baby in your home.
What is the safest baby bottle?
Here is a cheat sheet to help you choose the safest bottle for your baby, whether you are breast- or formula-feeding!
Should I consider a goat milk formula?
Yes! Goat milk may be more similar to human milk because it contains A2 beta-casein protein. For an in-depth look at the pros and cons, check out our post about goat milk formulas.
659 comments
Maia James
I have had numerous conversations with the founder of BOB, and while I don’t believe they are selling counterfit formula, I simply wasn’t able to gain enough clarity on their supply chain to feel comfortable recommending them as a vetted seller of European formula.
Lauren
Hi Maia
I was a Lebenswert monthly member through LWO and I believe it’s been discontinued through the website. I am looking into more cost effective alternatives and I came upon 2 websites, I just don’t know if they are legitimate. Have you heard of either? http://biologisch24.com/product_info.php?info=p3909_Lebenswert-bio-Organic-Infant-Formula-1-500g.html&XTCsid=682389b6ae103d7eacf8350ea5858f08 https://www.my-german-depot.com/epages/78360477.sf/en_US/?ObjectPath=/Shops/78360477/Products/118400-10 Thanks!wallis
Hi Maia-
This is such helpful information! I was wondering how Baby’s Only with Whey would compare to Holle, Plum and Earth’s Best as well as I am trying to make a similar decision. Would love your insight!
Thanks so much !
Nancy
How does the Costco brand formula compare? Thoughts on ingredients? Thanks!
Valerie Millegan
I ordered a can of Hipp from BOB for my 4 month old to try but then decided to stick with a U.S. brand formula so I haven’t opened the Hipp yet. I am not able to get ahold of BOB about returning the Hipp because they are in the middle of “reorganization”, very frustrating!!!! I’ve left messages and even tried leaving an emergency message but still no response! My concern Is is it safe for me to give my baby the Hipp that I ordered if I have him on a different formula brand (Honest Co)? Because BOB isn’t getting back with me I am a bit concerned about the quality of their product. What would you do?
megan worsley
Awesome, thank you so much!
Maia James
Holle is best, then plum, then earths best. Holle isn’t FDA approved because as far as I know they haven’t sought FDA approval (which is an extremely arduous process)
megan worsley
Sorry, one more question. why is Holle not fda approved?
megan worsley
or the Plum organics vs Holle? i dont think earths best is worth it.
megan worsley
Hi there, how would you compare Plum Organics formula to Earths Best?
Melissa Masters
Plum organics contain soy which is not a good choice for anyone plus the fact that their dha is derived from hexene is disgusting, if you don’t know what that means please research for yourselves. I don’t see anything that makes them a better choice than the European brands. I was hopeful but unfortunately it’s another let down.
Melissa Masters
Nope your not missing anything. People are just weary in general. I’ve ordered from organic baby 24 several times and they are great. Nothing different from the U.S. sellers expect their prices are much better, US sellers over charge because they can. I love their free samples too, extra nice of them. I’ve also ordered holle biscuits and several varieties of cereals. Everything is great!
Melissa Masters
Pediatricians are stuck in their ways and drones of the government. ;-) they will most likely give you issues. Also they give out these samples just like samples of medication from pharmaceutical reps and we all know how that works. I’m just saying there might be an agenda. Sometimes as parents we have to make the hard decisions on our own. I love my son’s doctor but when it comes to his formula we can agree to disagree.
Melissa Masters
Alan just wanted to let your know that all formula should be heated like holle and Hipp recommend. It’s because the powder is not sterile and there’s a small chance of baby getting sick. Again all formulas are the same only here in America it’s not a known practice but you will see it in fine print. Europe has much stricter health regulations than we do. Also it’s only recommend that you boil for the first four months. I use distilled water now but you can premake batch for the day and refrigerate to make it easier.
To all those asking , Yes you can buy baby’s only or earth best cause it’s easy to pick up locally but does that ease your mind?? I swear it’s just as easy to purchase a large quantity online. if you want to give your child a quality organic formula try Hipp or holle and see the difference for yourselves. I could tell the difference immediately just by how it smells and mixed so easily. I’m not trying to be anything but helpful and sincere. I know this experience can be a trying one, I wish everyone good luck.I’ve used holle, lebenswert for the past 7 months and now waiting on hipps dutch version. Most people think hipp is one brand but it’s actually made in the UK, Germany, Netherlands,etc. all versions are different and made by different companies. They contain similarities but different packages and sizes. Some with soy, some w starch. You have to research which works best for you. If you want a dairy free, try holles goat formula. Fyi Hipp holle and lebenswert all come in the same foil packages. I done believe one is safer than the other. I personally prefer this to plastic containers. Unfortunately there is going to be some drawback to every formula. I just personally trust the European standards much more than the United States which is sad as a U.S. citizen. Hopefully one day our fda will care about our health but I won’t hold my breath and just continue to order from Europe.
I’ve ordered from organic munchkin, l.w.o(way too expensive and inconvenient, sorry) beyond organics and organic baby 24. All great customer service. You have to decide if you want to over pay for fast delivery or not. I prefer to buy in bulk from organic 24 because it’s a fraction of the price even with shipping.
Nancy
Is the amount of palm oil in Lebenswert less than the amount in Plum Organics?
Do you know why Baby’s Only markets formula for toddler and not infant other than the reason of promoting breastfeeding? Also any reason why a toddler who can drink cow’s milk at that age would drink formula?Maia James
If you want to avoid BO because it’s technically a toddler formula, I would do Lebenswert. But Plum Organics is a solid option as well (really the only downside is that they use hexane to extract DHA/ARA).
Maia James
I think it’s a good option based on what you’re looking for:)
Nancy
Hi,
What do you recommend between Plum Organics, Baby’s Only Whey and Lebenswert stage 1? I like Plum and lebenswert but both contain Palm oil. I like that baby’s only doesn’t have palm oil but its for toddlers. Our ped did not recommend.Azalais Coombes
Maia,
I finally received Lebenswert 1 from Organic Munchkin and my baby has been drinking it for about a week now and man its been incredible. She has made a complete 360 and is so different, much happier. Baby’s Only Lacto Relief was good but like I said before it did make her a lil constipated. But this formula has just been a blessing I am so happy I did the research that brought me to you and then Organic Munchkin. My pediatrician hadn’t even heard of it…I told her about it after she complimented our baby on how happy and healthy she looks. She looked up the formula while we where there and looked at our baby and was like wow this is really good stuff you are very lucky to have the parents you have. She definitely said she would recommend it from now on. I couldn’t be happier. Thank you so much,Valerie
Hello! I’ve been supplementing with Baby’s Only Dairy formula. Today, I noticed that the store is carrying another option, Baby’s Only Lactorelief. My daughter may have a milk sensitivity, and I don’t want to use the soy option. Do you have any insight into Baby’s Only Lactorelief?
Maia James
I think this was indeed a good switch. The big advantage of the plum is that it’s sweetened with just lactose. The DHA/ARA are extracted using hexane in the Plum, and this is really the only downside.
Kendall Scollard
Do you have any information on the Plum Organics Formula. I recently switched my infant from Honest Company to Plum Organics as it seems comparable, but sligthly superior due to the fact that it lacks any corn syrup or glucose syrup solids. The only other major difference between the two is that Honest has taken DHA out of their formula (and sells it as a separate supplement ) and the Plum still contains DHA. I was just wondering what your opinion is regarding the Plum Organics. Hopefully this was a good switch?
Thank you,
Kendall
Azalais
I’m a first time mom that had to supplement and then fully transition to just formula since I didn’t produce much breast milk. I was so happy to stumble upon your website a month and half ago while searching for a new formula for my baby because she was suffering and I was in desperate need to find something good for her. When i found out how bad Similac and Enfamil where I felt so bad that I had been giving her both of them and understood why she was being extra fuzzy and having these diaper explosions.
After reading this guide I quickly switched her to Baby’s Only Diary with DHA/ARA since it was easier to obtain at the Sprouts store near me. It was better but she seemed not to take it fully well so I switched to the LactoRelief DHA/ARA and it worked out even better. Shes been now taking it ever since and loves it. But she recently started having some minor constipation. I read from you here that you have also heard that. So yesterday I decided to order her Stage 1 Lebenswert (even though it has lactose I wanted to give it a try since European cows are obviously better than American ones) and I also bought a box of the Holle 1 Goats Milk just in case the lactose in Lebenswert still gives her minor constipation. If I do end up sticking to one of these European brands I am highly considering adding Nordic Naturals Baby DHA to the formula since I believe its very important for her to obtain. I hope you can finally post your review on Goats Milk Formula too…I heard Sammy’s Milk is also good. But I ordered the two European Formulas from Organic Munchkin because they offer free shipping and its crazy to me that even though Sammy ’s Milk is in Newport Beach, CA which is about an hour or so away from me they have a flat rate of $10 on shipping…or I have to drive there to save on shipping. That was my only thing. Anyways thank you so much for all of your product guides I visit your site on a regular I’m so happy for coming across it love obtaining all this knowledge.Maia James
If it were my baby, I would do Sammy’s, but you should check with your pediatrician.
Jackie
Incorrect email attached to previous post. This is correct one. Sorry!!
Jackie
Hi Maia,
I have to start supplementing my baby with formula and I have been stressing about which to go with. Would you please give a recommendation between Baby’s Only (whey vs dairy Dha), plum organics, and Sammys milk?
Maia James
Ask your pediatrician about Sammy’s Milk. I’m really excited about what I’ve learned so far! If you do end up doing soy, I would say Baby’s Only is the best bet. Again, as your pedi:) And congrats!
Maia James
Unfortunately, I don’t love the Vermont Organic formula. It has plant-based sweeteners rather than lactose (which more closely resembles human breast milk). You should check out the new Plum Organics formula, or better yet Sammy’s Milk if your pediatrician would be cool with a goat formula.
Jules
Great article and comments. I am adopting a newborn in September and the only known health issue of the birth mom is lactose intolerance which affects her whole family. So we would like to be ready for that assuming the child will also be intolerant. However a soy-based formula doesn’t enthrall me because I have terrible endometriosis due to being estrogen dominant. I have finally gotten it in check thanks to a very controlled diet without dairy, soy or gluten so I am very conscientious that you are what you eat and it can affect you long term. Is there a dairy-free low soy option or should we look at goats milk?
Darcy
Can I have your thoughts on Vermont Organic formula? I am an exclusive pumping momma who is slowly losing her supply and struggling between similac organic or honest company organic, with the recent lawsuit I am not sure what to do. My ped won’t allow Baby’s only until 9 months. Suggestions???
Bell
Thank you for your response! We didn’t even think to keep her on Lebenswert Stage 1 (this would be optimal). We’ll definitely be discussing this option with our Pediatrician!!
Maia James
As far as I can tell, Holle and Lebenswert Stage 2 are identical. Some people choose to just keep their babies on Stage 1 Lebenswert—you could ask your pediatrician.
Bell
Hi again,
My daughter was on Holle Stage 1 for her first few months then we switched to Lebenswert Stage 1. She took to both formulas very well! We switched simply because of the maltodextrin. Which wasn’t the end of the world for us but since both formulas were at the same price point Lactose won! She will be 6 months soon and we’re debating between Holle Stage 2 or Lebenswert Stage 2 both have maltodextrin and seem to have very similar ingredients. Any thoughts on which one to go with Holle2 or Lebenswert2? Or for that matter would you recommend another brand altogether for Stage 2 formula? (Our Pediatrician already approved both formulas to move ahead with so it’s left us scratching our heads lol)
Maia James
Holle is organic which is why I consider it superior, but NannyCare is still a good option.
Maia James
I haven’t done deep research into this, but since it’s from Gerber, not organic, etc., I am pretty sure I won’t call it Good Stuff. All I see at first glance is so much plastic!
Maia James
HiPP makes a hypoallergenic version, yes. It’s called HiPP HA. As I mentioned elsewhere, the vendors I have vetted are Little World Organics and Organic Munchkin.
Maia James
Both companies are legit. I would feel completely comfortable ordering from OM if it were my baby!
Christina
Hi Maia,
ThanksWhat makes Holle better than NannyCare?
Marie
Hello!
After doing loads of research, I decided to go with Holle Goats Milk 1 as a supplement for my 5 month old daughter (unfortunately, I had to return to work and I respond poorly to the pump). Anyway, I’d like to know if anyone has experience with this formula. Baby likes it a lot (I tend to feed it mixed with breast milk so it’s not such a “shock”) but I find it’s quite thick and creamy and tends to leave a bit of residue in the bottle. Is this normal? I worry because I have read about palm oil and gut issues. Secondly, does anyone have experience with http://www.organicbabyfood24.de? I placed an order there to check it out and my formula arrived in perfect condition, proper batch numbers, exp date in december 2016, 4 boxes to a sealed carton, everything in German (as it should be) and I also received samples of holle porridges and coupons. Even with shipping (DHL and USPS once stateside) the formula was CONSIDERABLY cheaper than what I’ve seen being resold in the US. Is there a reason folks aren’t buying directly from Germany? I am worried that I am missing something. . .Nora Blum
Hello,
Have you made any research on the new Gerber Nes formula in pods or heard anything about it?
They dont disclaim any of the ingredientes in their website so i wonder whether anybody knows if this is a good quality formula?
Thank you!
Leti
Hi,
Loved your article and very informative. I’ve transition my 8 month old to formula because, long story short, he started biting my nipple really hard and as much as I kept trying he wouldn’t stop. We think he has a dairy intolerance because he has really bad eczema. Out of all the formulas you mentioned are there any hypoallergenic? Thank you, LetiMaia James
I’m sorry that I don’t have an answer for you on the HiPP Bio Combiotik aluminum levels. When I do more formula research, I will look into it.
Malyha
Hello!
I have recently transitioned my 8 month old to formula and decided to go with Holle. I noticed on your very informative article that you recommend to purchase from either LWO or Organic Munchkin- but you seemed to prefer LWO more. I noticed that it is very difficult to get an order in with LWO, while Organic Munchkin is much faster and “easier” to order from (and cheaper). I just want to make sure both companies can be relied upon as far as authenticity and quality of the product… Thanks so much for your help!Maia James
Check the labels to be sure, but I don’t think Sammy’s Milk contains coconut, and I really like what I’ve learned about this company!
Maia James
I think Holle is better, but NannyCare also fine
Deanna
Does the Hipp Organic Bio Combiotik (Dutch version) formula contain high levels of aluminum as well? Im kind of thinking about eventually switching to Hipp when my baby gets older but the high aluminum levels incident scares me! Can you maybe look further into this and update your formula blog? I noticed on the Hipp USA site it talks about what happened with the high aluminum study and insists that the formula is still safe for consumption. However, I find this information confusing as I’m torn between some saying Hipp is the best and aluminum isn’t an issue and some saying the aluminum levels are unsafe.
Maia James
I’m not sure if goat milk would be a problem, but I am a big fan of Sammy’s Milk.
Lauren
Hi -
My 7 month old has eczema and an allergy test just came back positive for dairy, eggs and peanuts. So, we are putting him on a formula while I can eliminate any of these out of my milk. I am trying to also find a formula with out coconut as the doctor said the peanut sensitivity could extend to coconut (and indeed when I put coconut oil on his legs, he has a flare up). Even the Baby’s Only seems to have coconut. DO you know of any organic, non-dairy that do not have coconut?Christina
Hi Maia,
What are your thoughts about Nanny Care Goats Milk Formula? How does that compare to Holle Stage 1 Goats Milk Formula? ThanksLeigh
My 8 week old has a milk allergy. Is there any good stuff formula brand that will work for him?