Healthiest Baby Formula: Other Things to Consider
When you’re searching for the healthiest baby formula for your infant, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. You’re going to hear about things like whey/casein ratio and A2 milk. Let’s look at some of the factors worth considering when you’re looking at the best formula brands.
Whey/Casein Ratio
In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:
- Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
 - Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.
 
There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.
Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.
So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.
We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.
Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.
Prebiotics & Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.
Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome. In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics and probiotics to their products.
There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.
Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.
Aluminum in Infant Formulas
Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).
It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.
It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.
We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.
There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:
- Choosing breastmilk if possible.
 - Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
 - Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.
 
A2 Milk
You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”
Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggeste that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestional distress.
Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.
Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.
DHA/ARA
DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.
We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.
The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.
If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.
Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.
Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.
BPA in Formula Cans
Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!
Healthiest Baby Formula FAQs
What is the closest formula to breast milk?
Needless to say, I’m pro-breastfeeding. I have only two kids, but I breastfed for a total of 7 years, so you can do the math. But of course I also know amazing parents who formula feed their (very healthy!) children.
Every formula brand claims that their nutrient blend most closely mimics breast milk. Based on our research process, we think that ByHeart and Kabrita get the closest.
What’s the best hypoallergenic baby formula?
Some babies, like those with milk protein allergies, need a hypoallergenic formula. Sometimes called “gentle,” these formulas contain hydrolyzed proteins, which means that they are broken down and more digestible.
Many pediatricians recommend Pregestimil or Nutramigen (both by Enfamil) or Alimentum (by Similac). If forced to choose between these, I would go for the Alimentum since it skips the carrageenan and corn syrup. But I can’t call any of these Good Stuff since all three contain ingredients of concern and none is organic. Nutramigen is probably the very worst of these, comprised of 48% corn syrup solids!!
If it were my baby, I would choose HiPP HA organic baby formula, which contains no sugar, corn syrup, or maltodextrin, and is full of good prebiotics. You also might want to try HiPP Anti-Reflux formula if your baby has a sensitive stomach. It’s made with 100% whey and no casein to prevent reflux.
If you want an American brand, Bobbie Organic Gentle is the only one that is sweetened with just lactose.
Please check with your pediatrician first if you suspect an intolerance or allergy.
Can you give an infant a “toddler” formula?
I know many parents who have chosen to feed their infants a “toddler” formula. Most toddler formulas contain the 29 key nutrients that are required by the FDA for infant formula. Some of these are the best formula brands out there but are not marketed as infant formula because the brands haven’t completed the infant feeding studies. A few notes on this country’s formula rules and regulations, by the way:
- The recipe requirements are from the Infant Formula Act of 1980 (which I believe is in desperate need of an update!).
 - Infant formula certification requires multi-year and multi-million dollar feeding studies.
 - Thus, there is a huge barrier to entry for innovative companies or smaller brands. ByHeart is one of the few brands who did their own study. (More on them in this post.) 
 - In early 2022, the FDA recalled brands (e.g., Similac, Alimentum and EleCare) after babies drinking these formulas became ill. This was nearly 6 months after the FDA found out but failed to act on the information. In March of 2022, the FDA finally shut down the facility producing these formulas, which lead to a formula shortage.
 
Again, ask your pediatrician to review the nutrition label on any formula you’re considering.
Where is American baby formula made?
Almost all infant formula sold in this country is produced by just four manufacturers:
- Mead Johnson (Enfamil)
 - Abbott Nutrition (Similac)
 - Nestlé (Gerber)
 - Perrigo (Bobbie, Earth’s Best, generic formulas for many grocery chains)
 
ByHeart is made in the U.S. in its own factory.
Should you use filtered water for baby formula?
Yes! Tap water may be contaminated with chlorine byproducts, weed killers, insecticides, solvents, lead, BPA, phthalates, PFAS…the list goes on. Fluoride is present in infant formula, and when combined with fluoridated tap water, infant exposure levels can exceed safe amounts. I think everyone should invest in a good water filter, but especially if you have a formula-fed baby in your home.
What is the safest baby bottle?
Here is a cheat sheet to help you choose the safest bottle for your baby, whether you are breast- or formula-feeding!
Should I consider a goat milk formula?
Yes! Goat milk may be more similar to human milk because it contains A2 beta-casein protein. For an in-depth look at the pros and cons, check out our post about goat milk formulas.
 
                        
659 comments
Melissa Masters
Plum organics contain soy which is not a good choice for anyone plus the fact that their dha is derived from hexene is disgusting, if you don’t know what that means please research for yourselves. I don’t see anything that makes them a better choice than the European brands. I was hopeful but unfortunately it’s another let down.
Melissa Masters
Nope your not missing anything. People are just weary in general. I’ve ordered from organic baby 24 several times and they are great. Nothing different from the U.S. sellers expect their prices are much better, US sellers over charge because they can. I love their free samples too, extra nice of them. I’ve also ordered holle biscuits and several varieties of cereals. Everything is great!
Melissa Masters
Pediatricians are stuck in their ways and drones of the government. ;-) they will most likely give you issues. Also they give out these samples just like samples of medication from pharmaceutical reps and we all know how that works. I’m just saying there might be an agenda. Sometimes as parents we have to make the hard decisions on our own. I love my son’s doctor but when it comes to his formula we can agree to disagree.
Melissa Masters
Alan just wanted to let your know that all formula should be heated like holle and Hipp recommend. It’s because the powder is not sterile and there’s a small chance of baby getting sick. Again all formulas are the same only here in America it’s not a known practice but you will see it in fine print. Europe has much stricter health regulations than we do. Also it’s only recommend that you boil for the first four months. I use distilled water now but you can premake batch for the day and refrigerate to make it easier.
To all those asking , Yes you can buy baby’s only or earth best cause it’s easy to pick up locally but does that ease your mind?? I swear it’s just as easy to purchase a large quantity online. if you want to give your child a quality organic formula try Hipp or holle and see the difference for yourselves. I could tell the difference immediately just by how it smells and mixed so easily. I’m not trying to be anything but helpful and sincere. I know this experience can be a trying one, I wish everyone good luck.I’ve used holle, lebenswert for the past 7 months and now waiting on hipps dutch version. Most people think hipp is one brand but it’s actually made in the UK, Germany, Netherlands,etc. all versions are different and made by different companies. They contain similarities but different packages and sizes. Some with soy, some w starch. You have to research which works best for you. If you want a dairy free, try holles goat formula. Fyi Hipp holle and lebenswert all come in the same foil packages. I done believe one is safer than the other. I personally prefer this to plastic containers. Unfortunately there is going to be some drawback to every formula. I just personally trust the European standards much more than the United States which is sad as a U.S. citizen. Hopefully one day our fda will care about our health but I won’t hold my breath and just continue to order from Europe.
I’ve ordered from organic munchkin, l.w.o(way too expensive and inconvenient, sorry) beyond organics and organic baby 24. All great customer service. You have to decide if you want to over pay for fast delivery or not. I prefer to buy in bulk from organic 24 because it’s a fraction of the price even with shipping.
Nancy
Is the amount of palm oil in Lebenswert less than the amount in Plum Organics?
Do you know why Baby’s Only markets formula for toddler and not infant other than the reason of promoting breastfeeding? Also any reason why a toddler who can drink cow’s milk at that age would drink formula?Maia James
If you want to avoid BO because it’s technically a toddler formula, I would do Lebenswert. But Plum Organics is a solid option as well (really the only downside is that they use hexane to extract DHA/ARA).
Maia James
I think it’s a good option based on what you’re looking for:)
Nancy
Hi,
What do you recommend between Plum Organics, Baby’s Only Whey and Lebenswert stage 1? I like Plum and lebenswert but both contain Palm oil. I like that baby’s only doesn’t have palm oil but its for toddlers. Our ped did not recommend.Azalais Coombes
Maia,
I finally received Lebenswert 1 from Organic Munchkin and my baby has been drinking it for about a week now and man its been incredible. She has made a complete 360 and is so different, much happier. Baby’s Only Lacto Relief was good but like I said before it did make her a lil constipated. But this formula has just been a blessing I am so happy I did the research that brought me to you and then Organic Munchkin. My pediatrician hadn’t even heard of it…I told her about it after she complimented our baby on how happy and healthy she looks. She looked up the formula while we where there and looked at our baby and was like wow this is really good stuff you are very lucky to have the parents you have. She definitely said she would recommend it from now on. I couldn’t be happier. Thank you so much,Valerie
Hello! I’ve been supplementing with Baby’s Only Dairy formula. Today, I noticed that the store is carrying another option, Baby’s Only Lactorelief. My daughter may have a milk sensitivity, and I don’t want to use the soy option. Do you have any insight into Baby’s Only Lactorelief?