Healthiest Baby Formula: Other Things to Consider
When you’re searching for the healthiest baby formula for your infant, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. You’re going to hear about things like whey/casein ratio and A2 milk. Let’s look at some of the factors worth considering when you’re looking at the best formula brands.
Whey/Casein Ratio
In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:
- Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
- Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.
There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.
Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.
So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.
We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.
Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.
Prebiotics & Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.
Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome. In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics and probiotics to their products.
There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.
Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.
Aluminum in Infant Formulas
Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).
It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.
It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.
We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.
There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:
- Choosing breastmilk if possible.
- Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
- Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.
A2 Milk
You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”
Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggeste that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestional distress.
Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.
Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.
DHA/ARA
DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.
We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.
The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.
If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.
Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.
Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.
BPA in Formula Cans
Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!
Healthiest Baby Formula FAQs
What is the closest formula to breast milk?
Needless to say, I’m pro-breastfeeding. I have only two kids, but I breastfed for a total of 7 years, so you can do the math. But of course I also know amazing parents who formula feed their (very healthy!) children.
Every formula brand claims that their nutrient blend most closely mimics breast milk. Based on our research process, we think that ByHeart and Kabrita get the closest.
What’s the best hypoallergenic baby formula?
Some babies, like those with milk protein allergies, need a hypoallergenic formula. Sometimes called “gentle,” these formulas contain hydrolyzed proteins, which means that they are broken down and more digestible.
Many pediatricians recommend Pregestimil or Nutramigen (both by Enfamil) or Alimentum (by Similac). If forced to choose between these, I would go for the Alimentum since it skips the carrageenan and corn syrup. But I can’t call any of these Good Stuff since all three contain ingredients of concern and none is organic. Nutramigen is probably the very worst of these, comprised of 48% corn syrup solids!!
If it were my baby, I would choose HiPP HA organic baby formula, which contains no sugar, corn syrup, or maltodextrin, and is full of good prebiotics. You also might want to try HiPP Anti-Reflux formula if your baby has a sensitive stomach. It’s made with 100% whey and no casein to prevent reflux.
If you want an American brand, Bobbie Organic Gentle is the only one that is sweetened with just lactose.
Please check with your pediatrician first if you suspect an intolerance or allergy.
Can you give an infant a “toddler” formula?
I know many parents who have chosen to feed their infants a “toddler” formula. Most toddler formulas contain the 29 key nutrients that are required by the FDA for infant formula. Some of these are the best formula brands out there but are not marketed as infant formula because the brands haven’t completed the infant feeding studies. A few notes on this country’s formula rules and regulations, by the way:
- The recipe requirements are from the Infant Formula Act of 1980 (which I believe is in desperate need of an update!).
- Infant formula certification requires multi-year and multi-million dollar feeding studies.
- Thus, there is a huge barrier to entry for innovative companies or smaller brands. ByHeart is one of the few brands who did their own study. (More on them in this post.)
- In early 2022, the FDA recalled brands (e.g., Similac, Alimentum and EleCare) after babies drinking these formulas became ill. This was nearly 6 months after the FDA found out but failed to act on the information. In March of 2022, the FDA finally shut down the facility producing these formulas, which lead to a formula shortage.
Again, ask your pediatrician to review the nutrition label on any formula you’re considering.
Where is American baby formula made?
Almost all infant formula sold in this country is produced by just four manufacturers:
- Mead Johnson (Enfamil)
- Abbott Nutrition (Similac)
- Nestlé (Gerber)
- Perrigo (Bobbie, Earth’s Best, generic formulas for many grocery chains)
ByHeart is made in the U.S. in its own factory.
Should you use filtered water for baby formula?
Yes! Tap water may be contaminated with chlorine byproducts, weed killers, insecticides, solvents, lead, BPA, phthalates, PFAS…the list goes on. Fluoride is present in infant formula, and when combined with fluoridated tap water, infant exposure levels can exceed safe amounts. I think everyone should invest in a good water filter, but especially if you have a formula-fed baby in your home.
What is the safest baby bottle?
Here is a cheat sheet to help you choose the safest bottle for your baby, whether you are breast- or formula-feeding!
Should I consider a goat milk formula?
Yes! Goat milk may be more similar to human milk because it contains A2 beta-casein protein. For an in-depth look at the pros and cons, check out our post about goat milk formulas.
659 comments
Maia James
HiPP sells a hypoallergenic formula called Combiotik that may be worth a try. I would still check with your pediatrician to make sure this is a good alternative for your baby.
Heather
Any recommendation for a dairy and soy free formula? With my first i supplemented with holle as needed and planned to do the same with my second but at 7 months she was just diagnosed with dairy and soy intolerance so she can’t use any of my freezer stash and I can’t buy holle for supplementing. Doctor suggested similac alimentum but not crazy about the ingredients..
Maia James
Yes, if you are going with a dairy formula, I would look into Baby’s Only. What about goat milk formula?
Caitlynn
The best baby formula right now is by far the Baby’s Only Organic Toddler Formula Powder product. It is the highest rated, reviewed and bought baby formula right now.
I buy it regularly here (cheapest offer available right now) : http://unlimited-recipes.com/store/babys-only-organic-toddler-formula-powder-12-7-oz/ Check it out :)Valerie
Good Morning & thank you for providing honest, and informative information. My 11m old son is still breastfed, although due to working (& not getting anything worthwhile when pumping), I’m going to have to supplement. Due to continuous ear infections we have recently removed dairy to see if this helps. Any recommendations on a formula? I was thinking the Baby’s Only LactoRelief, but wasn’t sure if that was truly dairy-free? Any advice is appreciated. My pediatrician would likely tell me I’m nuts for assuming the dairy is impacting his ear infections, so I don’t really want to go there with him.
Maia James
Baby’s Only has both a dairy formula and a soy formula, and it’s true that even their dairy version contains soy oil. Holle does not contain any soy ingredients. Since I’m not a medical professional, I can’t tell you what’s best for your son specifically. I recommend seeing your pediatrician and going over the best options for supplementing. You could also look into the relatively new formula from Plum Organics, although this also contains soy oil!
Maia James
I would go for Plum.
Maia James
Hi! I haven’t conducted an official review of Plum but it definitely looks like Good Stuff:). Since it’s approved for infants and Baby’s Only is technically a toddler formula, a lot of people are choosing Plum.
Mandi
Hi, I just ordered the baby’s only and I went and spoke to
Someone at my sons daycare who said baby’s only has soy? And she has her baby on holle. I do not want to supplement but have to because my supply is tanking. The thought of giving my 9m old something with ingredients I can’t even pronounce scares me. Is it true that baby’s only has soy? And that is not good for my son. I am so confused reading all the stuff about holle and what’s good and what’s not and the difference in lebenswert? I need clarification. I just want to do what’s best and healthiest for my son. I will still be BF as much as I can. Help.
Maia James
I actually would probably go with Plum over Baby’s Only if it were my baby. But Baby’s Only is a really good brand, too, but it is not FDA-approved for infants (to get approval, the FDA requires clinical trials, etc.). I agree you should run the ingredients by your pediatrician to make sure they meet the requirements for your baby.
Maia James
You could look into Baby’s Only soy formula and see what your pediatrician thinks.
Maia James
I certainly know people who use this formula for their infants, and nutritionally it meets the requirements. However, Baby’s Only has not gone through the clinical trials and such that are required to be certified by the FDA as an infant formula. My advice is to have your pediatrician take a look and weigh in.
Jessica
Hi….thanks for the above info. I wanted to know your thoughts on Earths Best vs Plum Organics.
Danessa
I know you picked Holle as your top pick. Can you do a review of the plum organics. Since it’s easily available in the USA. I wanted to know if it’s better than baby’s only.
Monica
HI!
Thanks!Came across your website and I am having trouble finding reassurance that Baby’s Only is in fact OK to feed to babies under 12 months of age. My little one is BF and I have been using Holle Goat milk as back up when we get busy or go out etc. She also has been weaning. It is very expensive and sadly, I need another alternative. When I called Nature’s One they told me to call my doctor regarding feeding the formula to my LO. Any thoughts? Also, what do you know about Plum Organics?
Jessica harding
My two month old isn’t gaining weight properly even after trying block feeding and also pumping them putting her on, ad the LC maybe thought overactive letndown. Anyways. I can’t have dairy while BF her or she gets nasty mucus poo :/ then pediatrician recommended doing maybe two bottles a day mixed with breastmilk. What formula do you recommend that isn’t dairy. I hate using soy but :/
Caitlin
I’m looking for something to have on hand in case I need to supplement like I did with my last child. I bought the Baby’s Only, but after I bought it, I noticed it says “Toddler Formula” and upon further searching, found they all said Toddler Formula, but your post says it’s an infant formula. I’m hoping I don’t have to supplement at all, but I wanted some in the pantry just in case. Can you advise? Thanks!
Maia James
These will be included in our next update of the Safe Formula Guide!Â
Maia James
I would check out Baby’s Only soy.
cr
Thoughts on earths best pre digested and munchkin grass fed formulas?
Thank you, CRLee
Hi,
We are a vegan family. I’m planning to breast feed but just in case that doesn’t work, is there any non dairy formula that’s recommended? Thanks!Maia James
Hi Melissa! This sounds like something you should take up with your pediatrician. As long as baby is getting around 16 oz. of milk a day, you shouldn’t be too worried. But again, pedi knows best! If it were my baby, I would go with Holle’s Lebenswert brand or one of the goat formulas.
Kari
Similac also has a “Non-GMO” version and an Organic. How does this compare to the Pure? Would you recommend one over the other? Or non at all…
Melissa Sanders
My baby will be 10 months old in a few days and is not so interested in nursing anymore witch witch is causing a drastic drop in my supply. She eats a full diet of solids but I know she should have more breastmilk or formula. I’m very nervous to switch but feel I have no choice…any suggestions on which formula might work best? I am a fan of the Holle brand from what I can read about it.
Maia James
I have to say this ingredients list isn’t so bad! It contains lactose as the sweetener, which is a happy surprise:).
Maia James
You should talk to your pediatrician, but you might consider Baby’s Only soy formula.
Maia James
Hi there-Yes, Plum Organics has a new formula and I consider it Good Stuff (I’ll be updating this guide soon!). Also, I recently reviewed all the goat milk brands: https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/is-goat-milk-formula-healthier/
Maia James
Hi there! Yes, if it were my baby, depending on his/her age, I would consider Baby’s Only, Plum Organics, or Kabrita.
Tina
What do you think of the new Similac formula Pure bliss?
Rebecca Thornock
My baby has a cows milk intolerance. We were on holle but I’m wondering if you can recommend a non cows milk or non dairy formula?
Thank you!Kris
Hello, has there been any new formulas since this article was originally written in 2015 that would be at the top of the article if it were written now? Just curious. We just started our 5 month old on baby only organic dairy yesterday. I just want to make sure she is getting the best. Also, thank you for taking the time you research, write the article and respond to the hundreds of questions!
Jess
Hi! Are there any ready-to-made formulas that would be acceptable other than the European brands? My daycare would like us to put some in my baby’s “emergency kit” so this would only be used in an emergency (and hopefully never used!!). I currently 100% breastfeed.
Victoria
I love the Baby’s Only Whey! After a few other formulas which were not so great, my baby has been having it since he was an infant and he is very happy and healthy!
Maia James
I like Plum Organics but I would ask your pediatrician about your baby’s specific needs.
Lori
How is Baby’s Only “far and away the best widely available infant formula option”?
First ingredient is brown rice syrup instead of milk! Contains Taurine (likely processed with sulfuric acid and aziridine), and soybean oil! North American formulas seem to add way too many toxic synthetic ingredientsMaia James
This is a toss-up. At this point Earth’s Best seems to have removed all the corn syrup and carageenan, which is awesome!
Candice
Hi Jess,
Which baby’s only formula do you use? My SIL had the same problem with the regular one but switched her daughter ro Baby’s Only – Whey Protein formulation and worked wonders on her :) CandiceJess
Hi Maia-
I have been supplementing with Baby’s Only. Baby suffered from constipation from the Baby’s Only, I started weighing the formula before adding to water, still hasn’t helped :/ do you now recommend Earth’s Best? Or what about Plum Organics? Any help is appreciated. Need to help my little girl, she’s uncomfortable. Thank you :-) JessCandice
Ugh! Maia I’ve been giving my son Gerber Good Start Gentle for 6 months now should I be worried?! :( he’s almost 1 and in a week I transition him to regular milk, are there any brands of milk that you recommend?! Thanks so much
Heather
I did look into these.
I am waiting to hear back from HOLLE about the lactose source in their goat milk formula. I am not holding my breath that it isn’t cow.Kabrita contains cow milk ingredients in the lactose and GOS {whatever that is}. It also contains glucose syrup solids. My source was the main Kabrita website.
Heather
Have you tired Plum Organics formula? It is terrific if your LO can tolerate dairy.
Maia James
It looks like Earth’s Best has removed carrageenan from their formula! Wahoo!
Maia James
I haven’t had a chance to review these in detail, but because they are not organic, I doubt they will receive a Good Stuff designation when there are much better brands on the market.
Carla
I have been reading the comments and I am trying to decide between Earth’s Best and Plum Organics. I only ruled out Baby’s Only because of my doctor’s recommendation to wait till he is one year old to use that. Should I be concerned that Plum Organics doesn’t include a prebiotic? That seems important to me and Earth’s Best has prebiotics.
Emily
Hi Maia,
Thanks for the really in-depth article! It is super helpful as we are needing to switch over to formula. My son had some pretty intense medical issues recently and developed issues with breastfeeding, so we are needing to supplement to help him gain weight. Though disappointing for me, it is what’s best for now. Prior to finding this article, I did some research on my own and ended up doing Earth’s Best Organics with DHA/ARA. This was in part because it seemed a little better than some of the others, and also the convenience as it is sold at our local store. My question is, you mentioned that this formula contains carrageenan? This is concerning. I am looking at our tub of formula now and don’t see it as a listed ingredient. Is there another name it is hiding under?Sara
What do you think about the new Similac formulas, Pro-Advance and Pro-Sensitive, that were just introduced which contain a prebiotic claimed to be like those found in breast milk? http://www.abbott.com/newsroom/news/HMO-fundamentals.html
Maia James
I don’t know these brands but will add to our list for investigating!:)
Maia James
Yes, I like Kabrita and definitely consider it Good Stuff:). Of course you should ask your pediatrician if it’s nutritionally appropriate for your baby.
Eiman
So sorry for ur LO hopefully he will get well soon
Eiman
Hello maia,
What are your thoughts about Novelac infant Formula? And also S26 from wyeth?