Healthiest Baby Formula Guide (2026)

Healthiest Baby Formula: What to Consider

When it comes to choosing the healthiest baby formula, it’s easy to fall into a ton of different rabbit holes. Let’s look at some of the most important factors to consider, as well as common ingredients and additives, that you'll find in baby formula brands.

Organic Ingredients

An organic label alone doesn’t make a formula healthy, but avoiding any non-organic formula is a good start. Conventional formula likely contains traces of pesticides, milk contaminated with antibiotics or growth hormones, and oils extracted with hexane. Organic baby formula is almost always superior to anything conventional.

Organic baby formula cannot contain GMOs or artificial colors/flavors. Organic baby formula from Europe is even better: it must be free of sugar, corn syrup solids, and chemically-extracted synthetic nutrients. In addition, 30% of the calories in organic European formulas must come from lactose.

In Europe, some formulas are better than organic:

• Demeter-certified formulas means that the cows come from a biodynamic farm. Biodynamic farming prioritizes the environment and humane conditions for their animals. Holle is the only formula we have found with the Demeter certification.
• If you see that a formula is “Bioland certified,” it means that those cows come from a farm that is 100% organic. Nothing produced on that farm can be without organic certification. Only Lebenswert has Bioland certification.

Bottom line: The healthiest formula brands are without exception organic. Organic brands from Europe will be even better.

Soy

There are a number of problems with soy formula. To start, it must have synthetic l-methionine added to it in order to meet nutrition requirements. This is prohibited in European organic foods because it is produced with like hydrogen cyanide and other air pollutants. This means that there is no such thing as organic soy-based infant formula in Europe.

Soy-based formulas tend to have higher levels of aluminum contamination since soy sucks up aluminum from the soil.

Unfortunately, even most dairy-based formulas contain soy oils or lecithin, but it makes sense to avoid soy-based formulas unless a baby has a true dairy allergy. If that IS the case for your child, you can ask your pediatrician about Baby’s Only’s newer Pea Protein formula. 

Bottom line: Avoid soy-based formula unless your baby has a true allergy. And most of the healthiest baby formula brands skip all soy ingredients.

Palm Oil

Palm oil or palm olein are commonly added to formula to help replicate the high palmitic acid content of breastmilk. But the structure of the fat molecules in palm oil (and other vegetable oils) is different from that found in breast milk, and the fats are digested differently.

A lot of parents want to avoid palm oil (and palm olein) because it’s been shown to inhibit the absorption of calcium and fat. But there is an important caveat here. Plant-derived fats that match the structure of the most common fat molecules in breast milk have been shown to promote more healthy bacteria in the gut and reduce constipation.

Among the formulas we recommend, Kabrita is currently the only one that explicitly adds these more beneficial structured triglycerides (OPO/high SN-2 palmitate). Two others--Kendamil and Little Spoon--increase SN-2 palmitate naturally via whole-milk fat/MFGM, but do not add OPO.

Bottom line: With the exception of Kabrita, we prefer brands that skip palm oil.

Carrageenan

You will find this additive in tons of stuff in your health food store, and infant formula is no exception.

Derived from seaweed, carrageenan helps stabilize liquid formula, but numerous animal studies suggest that it leads to intestinal inflammation. The European Union has outlawed the use of carrageenan in all infant formula. In the United States it appears in the ready-made varieties.

Bottom line: None of what we identified as the healthiest formula brands contain carrageenan, so this is one you don’t have to worry about if you shop only from our Good Stuff list!

Synthetic Nutrients

There are many synthetic nutrients (lab-made vitamins and minerals) in baby formulas. The FDA requires 29 of them to be included. But the following four nutrients are NOT required, and we think they may do more harm than good:

• Lutein is extracted from marigold flowers using hexane (a chemical solvent, similar to gasoline). While lutein is found naturally in breast milk, there's no proof that adding the synthetic version to formula helps babies.
  
• Lycopene is made using toluene, a toxic chemical. Like lutein, it's in breast milk naturally, but studies haven't shown any benefit when it's added to formula.
  
• Taurine is processed with sulfuric acid (a harsh chemical that can cause cancer). Research shows that adding taurine to formula doesn't help babies develop better.
  
• Nucleotides are a class of synthetic nutrients we actually like to see in formula. On the label, they show up as long chemical names ending in "-monophosphate." Studies show that nucleotides help babies' brains develop and help them gain weight and grow properly. Many of the healthiest formulas include them.

Bottom line: We like formulas with nucleotides added. The healthiest formulas skip taurine, lycopene, and lutein.

Skim Milk

Some of the healthiest baby formulas (see below, under Good Stuff) do contain skim milk. Still, we like to see whole milk on formula labels–the more the better!

Using whole instead of skim milk means that formula manufacturers can add smaller amounts of vegetable oils to achieve the necessary fat content. Better yet, whole cow’s milk contains milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which may confer brain-immune-gut benefits.

Bottom line: The brands we consider the very healthiest baby formula will contain at least some amount of whole milk.

Sugars

Breast milk is naturally very sweet, so even the healthiest baby formula contains a lot of added sugars. But the type of sugar really matters.

The sweetener that most closely mimics that found in human milk is cow milk lactose, but this is expensive. Some manufacturers instead use cheaper plant-based sweeteners, such as:

• Sucrose, which was banned by The European Union in 2009 (except for babies with allergies), because of concerns of over-feeding and subsequent obesity. The FDA provides no such regulation on what kind of sugars can be used.
• Maltodextrin, which can be made from rice, corn, or potatoes. Even some organic baby formula brands choose maltodextrin as a sweetener, since it’s cheaper than lactose and helps powdered formula dissolve quickly.
• Glucose syrup solids, which are typically derived from corn.
• Brown rice syrup, which may be contaminated with arsenic. In 2012, Dartmouth researchers raised concerns about formulas sweetened with brown rice syrup after finding that they contained six times the EPA’s safe limit for arsenic. (More on arsenic in baby food here.)

Bottom line: I’m not a big fan of maltodextrin, but I do feel that it’s better than white sugar or corn syrup. The best baby formula brands contain only lactose as a sweetener/carbohydrate.

Whey/Casein Ratio

In an attempt to mimic real breast milk, formula manufacturers engineer their products to have a specific whey/casein ratio. Not sure what whey and protein are? Here’s the deal:

• Whey proteins stay in liquid form in the stomach (when exposed to stomach acid)—think the watery whey that separates in a container of natural yogurt–and exit the stomach more quickly. Whey proteins are therefore easier to digest and are rarely a source of allergies.
• Casein proteins form solids in the stomach (like cheese curds) and empty at a slower rate. They are more likely to cause digestive issues and be a source of allergies.

There is controversy over the optimal whey/casein ratio for a baby formula because the ratios found in breast milk change over time. Whey content is high in early lactation (with a ratio of about 90:10), and by late lactation, whey and casein protein amounts are roughly equal.

Goat milk and cow milk both have a whey to casein ratio of about 20:80. Manufacturers add whey protein to their formulas to adjust this ratio.

So what is the optimal whey/casein ratio? This depends on factors such as how old your baby is (in other words, how developed his/her digestion is), whether your baby has any digestive issues (like reflux, which may be a reaction to too much casein), and whether your baby is sensitive or allergic to casein.

We also don’t really know how much of the whey and casein added to formula actually ends up being assimilated. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your pediatrician about which formula has the right ratio for your baby, although in many instances the whey/casein ratio isn’t an issue you need to worry about. Most babies do fine on standard formulas.

Bottom line: Because human milk is so rich in whey, we prefer formulas that add it. The best formula brands almost always do.

Prebiotics & Probiotics

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are food for probiotics. You probably already know that good gut bacteria is key to healthy immune function.

Breast milk has natural prebiotic properties, such as its oligosaccharide content. The act of breastfeeding also introduces lots of healthy bacteria to the breastfed infant’s microbiome.

In an attempt to mimic human milk (and ride the wave of current health trends!), many formula manufacturers now add prebiotics or probiotics to their products.

There’s little research to suggest that this offers any real benefits, and the American Association of Pediatrics doesn’t officially recommend it. Still, the addition of pre- and probiotics are almost certainly not harmful to healthy babies.

Bottom line: Even though many of the healthiest baby formula contains pre- or probiotics, I probably wouldn’t rely on this as an effective supplement (mostly because of dosage and quality/viability of the organisms). Parents who are interested in supplementing with probiotics should choose a high-quality product like this one from Bobbie.

Aluminum in Infant Formulas

Unfortunately, it seems like high aluminum content in formulas is pretty much ubiquitous (studies confirm this in UK and Canadian markets, and there is no research done yet on formulas in U.S. market).

It’s not clear exactly why this is, but there are a variety of modes of potential contamination: raw materials (powdered milk may have aluminum added to prevent clumpiness, for instance), additives (like phosphorous), and manufacturing processes.

It’s important to note that a lot of healthful foods we eat contain more aluminum than any of the formulas in this study–including fish, spinach, and many types of tea. I’m not convinced that the amount in formula is something worth worrying about.

We also don’t know is how much of the aluminum that’s ingested ends up accumulating in the body of infants and toddlers. In adults, most aluminum is excreted, but what remains does accumulate and can cause problems in the long term.

There’s little that consumers can do about aluminum in formula, except for:

• Choosing breastmilk if possible.
• Avoiding soy-based formulas, as these tend to be highest in aluminum.
• Preparing powder formula with a silicon-rich mineral water—in the U.S., Volvic and Fiji water fit the bill. Experts believe that this could reduce the absorption of aluminum across the gut of the child and also potentially help the child to excrete aluminum in the body via the urine. However, these are areas which are also being researched.

A2 Milk

You will see that some of the best formula brands in our lists above contain “A2 milk.”

Here’s the deal: Cow milk has two primary types of proteins–A1 and A2 beta-casein. More studies are needed, but there is some evidence to suggest that A2 milk is easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation than is A1 milk. The strongest evidence is around lactose intolerance–studies suggest that milk with A2 protein is much less likely to cause gastrointestinall distress.

Among the healthiest baby formula brands, four contain A2 milk: Aussie Bubs, Baby’s Only, Serenity, and Holle. Also, goat milk contains that A2 protein, so this is part of the reason it may be more digestible.

Bottom line: We think A2 is probably better than A1 milk for babies, and some–but not all–of the best baby formula brands include it.

DHA/ARA

DHA and ARA are long chain fatty acids found naturally in human breast milk, which make up the major long chain fats in baby’s brain and nerve tissue.

We know that naturally occurring oils from food, food-based oils, and mom’s diet (in breast milk) is highly beneficial. However, it’s not clear that these benefits are enjoyed when DHA and ARA are added to formula. Still, most formulas now boast the addition of essential fatty acids DHA and ARA.

The most common types of DHA and ARA extracted by the solvent hexane, a known neurotoxin, although the hexane is removed from the formula after it’s been processed. There are other methods for extraction, but these are relatively new and the jury is out on whether they are harmful, beneficial, or of no consequence at all.

If you choose a formula without DHA added, but want to supplement on your own, this is the brand we like.

Note that all European formulas are now required to contain DHA, and that organic oils in European formula cannot be hexane-extracted.

Bottom line: We think there’s no downside to the addition of DHA/ARA in formula, and most of the best formula brands have choses to add it.

BPA in Formula Cans

Good news: there is one thing you no longer have to worry about when buying formula, and it’s BPA. The FDA has finally gotten with the program and banned BPA from formula container linings. Of course, I worry about what’s being used in place of BPA, but still this is a small victory!

Ranking the Healthiest Baby Formula Brands

We’ve ranked 32 brands of baby formula, with the majority actually being what we consider at least Good Stuff! (This is a HUGE change for the better.)

To make our Best Stuff list, a formula brand must:

• Be organic;
• Contain added whey;
• Be made with mostly whole, not skim, milk;
• Be sweetened with lactose instead of maltodextrin.

You should feel good feeding your baby any of these–they are the healthiest baby formula brands in the world. Some of the brands on our Good Stuff list go even further:

• Bubs, Bobbie, Happy Baby, and Little Spoon all have Clean Label Project certification.
• Baby’s Only, Holle toddler, and Serenity formulas use A2 milk.
• The Bubs cow and the Dutch and German versions of HiPP contain probiotics (many other brands contain only prebiotics).
•  Holle, Little Spoon, and Serenity use milk from grassfed cows.

Where to Buy European Baby Formula

Some of the best baby formula brands come from Europe. Organic European formula isn’t allowed to contain sugar, corn syrup solids, and chemically-extracted synthetic nutrients (none of this is true for organic formula in the U.S.)

Moreover, European food standards are among the strictest in the world, and the EU updates regulations every few years based on the most recent science.

Organic Formula 24, based in Germany, is where we would buy European formula if we were shopping for our own babies.