Types of Toxic & Non-Toxic Cookware
Pots and pans come in a wide range of materials. Some cookware materials are okay, if you have the right variety, or if you don’t use them every day. Let’s go through these one by one, including the brands we recommend.
Nontoxic Cookware Materials
The following materials are always non-toxic. We will share our favorite brands made of these materials below, under The Best Stuff.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is sometimes used for frying pans and woks. It’s similar to cast iron, and can leach small amounts of iron into food, which is great if you have someone with slight anemia in your home!
Cast Iron
For most of human history, people suffered from iron deficiencies, so cooking with cast iron helped to prevent anemia. In modern cultures, the opposite is true. Most of us get plenty of iron, and there’s a point at which ingesting too much can be problematic. In our kitchen, we try to switch between cast iron pans and pans made of other materials throughout the week. If you want to be extra cautious, you could avoid cast iron for recipes with long cooking duration or acidic foods, as this will cause increased iron leaching.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel pans are generally Good Stuff. The only caveat here is that stainless steel is made with nickel (the more nickel in the mix, the more “stainless” it is). The problem is that our bodies can handle some nickel, but too much isn’t healthy. This means that high quality stainless steel cookware, which has higher percentages of nickel, is actually of more concern than lower quality stainless steel! We know that stainless steel pans do leach nickel (along with some chromium and iron), especially with longer cooking times and when cooking acidic foods such as tomatoes. To minimize the potential for nickel leaching, you’d ideally want a pan that’s 18/4 or 18/0 stainless steel (that first number is the percentage of chromium; the second is nickel). I wouldn’t be concerned about using stainless steel as long as you just switch up your cookware. If you sometimes using cast iron and enamel pots and pans, you won’t be exposing yourself to too much nickel from stainless steel. If you’re still worried, you could avoid stainless steel when cooking acidic foods for long time periods.
Tempered Glass
Glass is probably the most inert of any cooking surface, and you can even get pots and pans made of this ultimate Good Stuff!
Titanium
Titanium is a non-toxic and biocompatible metal, so it is used for medical instruments, dental implant devices, and joint replacements. Titanium is also lightweight and extremely strong. Titanium cookware uses an aluminum base for even heat transfer and distribution. The non-porous, non-stick titanium outer surface does not allow any aluminum to leach through. The only reason to be cautious about titanium cookware is that it seems that most manufacturers now coat their titanium cookware with non-stick finishes, rendering it “Bad Stuff.”
Materials That May Be Safe in Cookware
When shopping for non-toxic cookware, some of these materials come in safe forms. Other times, they are treated (or untreated, as the case may be) in a way that renders them less safe.
Clay
Without testing a clay pot for every possible contaminant, you have no way of knowing what might be leaching into your food. Without a glaze on the pot, there is no protective barrier between what’s in the clay and your meal. The risks of unglazed clay pots and pans outweigh the potential benefits of the good minerals that might leach into your food—calcium, iron, etc.
Coated Ceramic
Made from natural materials such as clay and minerals, ceramic cookware offers excellent heat retention and distribution. Its non-reactive surface makes it ideal for cooking acidic foods, and it is also appreciated for its nontoxic nonstick cookware properties, requiring less oil or fat during cooking. Furthermore, it is generally considered safer than nonstick alternatives since it doesn’t contain potentially harmful chemicals like PFOA or PTFE. Ceramic cookware can be considered a safe less-stick if not truly truly non-stick material. Some ceramic cookware is coated with materials that may contain harmful substances like lead, cadmium, and other heavy metals. To ensure safety, it is crucial to choose ceramic cookware that is labeled as free from toxic materials and is certified as being compliant with safety standards.
Enamel
In essence, enamel is a form of glass. Enameled cookware is most often cast iron with an enamel coating. This type of cookware is wonderful to cook with. Some people have worried about lead in the enamel cookware, since the enamel coating is often made of clay, which can leach lead. For this reason, we suggest choosing high quality enamel cookware from well-known brands.
Newer Non-Stick Materials
For more details on these materials, and the brands we like most (and which brands should be avoided), check out the Best, Good, Bad, and Sneaky brands that follow. You can’t necessarily believe brands that advertise themselves as nontoxic nonstick cookware.
247 comments
Ankit Agarwal
Have you looked at hexclad. They are expensive but if they are safe then seem like a good option.
Helen Cochems
I am on a tight budget. I bought a 3.4 qt. stainless steel enamel coated stovetop casserole. It’s by Atelier Chefs, and made in Serbia. The only visible metal is in the thin rim. There is a pale yellow exterior, and a light cream colored ceramic on the inside, which has tiny specks of what looks like metal all through it. The ceramic surfaces are all smooth, inside and out.
So far I have sauteed onions, eggs and simmered some vegetables. I would like to brown some chicken, and simmer it with vegetables and a sauce til done. Any advice?Terri Naughtin
Hi Maria- have you researched the scan pan? Would love your opinion. I would also like suggestions for cooking sheets and muffin pans. Thank you. I reviewed all the questions above and don’t see your responses to any of them. Do you post your responses anywhere or do you not respond to questions. Thanks!
Amy
Have you had a chance to look into a company called made in USA. I think they are all stainless steel. It seems like mostly professionals are using it but really curious how safe it is.
Meg
I just came upon this product. Caraway cookware.
https://www.carawayhome.com/pages/faq#reamaze#0#/kb/product/how-safe-is-your-non-stick-coating Sounds fishy to me. They don’t tell us exactly what the “Non stick†is. Thank you and happy belated birthday!Robin J
Hi Maia,
Wondering if you’ve heard of Aluminized Steel for bakeware and where that might rank on the list of baking materials?
Jeanette OConnor
does anybody know anything about ASTA cookware from Germany?
I believe it’s enamel on cast iron and they are decorative
Allison M
Hi Maia! Thanks for all of this great info on cookware. I bought the Cuisinox wok and Xtrema mini sauce pan per your recommendation and now I am upgrading my frying pans and larger sauce pans. Have you researched Caraway brand yet?
Betty
Le Creuset has some bakeware made of carbon steel, are they safe? Would you call them good stuff?
Elizabeth Rippey
Do you consider Misen good stuff? They say their non-toxic coating is a “3-layer DuPont platinum.†Thanks for the help!
https://www.misen.co/products/nonstick-pan?variant=30975851626577Kat
The carbon steel wok seems to be unavailable everywhere – is there anything you’d recommend instead?
Marisca Garza
Hello,
I am in search of non-toxic bakeware (cookie sheets & cupcake pans). I went into Le Creuset’s website and they have supposed non toxic bakeware available. It is made of heavy gauge carbon steel, but also stated to have “PFOA-free nonstick coating”. I’m curious as to your thoughts . Thank you. https://www.lecreuset.com/muffin-panTaylor
Hi! Have you heard of Our Place cookware? I would love to know your opinion on those. Thanks!
Allison Castillo
Would love to hear thoughts on this cookware!
https://www.greenlife-cookware.com/Daria
The 3 most popular types of cookware, which are most often seen on the shelves are ceramic, nonstick and stainless cookware. When cooking, you will need to consider a number of features that accompany each material. Depending on your needs, you should make the right choice. What is better to buy?
Some tips: https://cookingtopgear.com/ceramic-vs-nonstick-vs-stainless-cookware/Janie Krasnogor
I wonder the same MEG. Maia, do you know if USA Pan cookware and bakeware is safe?
Janie Krasnogor
I really need some rectangular baking dishes for the oven (casseroles, reheating etc.) and none of the safe brands mentioned make any that are somewhat non-stick except Wilton “Texturra” Carbon Steel. Is Wilton a safe brand? Its hard to know if they are non-toxic solely based on the material, as you had mentioned some are not made with the right They seem to be mostly pots and pans, as opposed to baking dishes. Any tips for some safe 9 × 13 baking pans/dish? Thanks!
Betty
I found some carbon steel bakeware from Le creuset. Are they safe and good stuff?
Suzanne Weaver-Goss
Hi Christina, You can find stainless steel muffin tins and cookie sheets which is what I would recommend. Certainly using the unbleached parchment paper would help.
Christina
Hi, I love your website! Just curious if you have any recommendations for non aluminum muffin tins and cookie sheets. Most I seem to find are all some type of aluminum! Also would using unbleached parchment paper on the aluminum baking sheets decrease the amount of aluminum leached onto the food? Thank you!!
Meg
Have you ever looked into USA Pan cookware and bakeware? They say that the bakeware is aluminized steel and “The coating applied on most USA PAN® bakeware is Americoatâ„¢, our proprietary silicone release coating which is used on almost every commercial pan in North America. It is a natural non-stick and non-toxic silicone that is PTFE, PFOA and BPA free. Americoatâ„¢ is clear in appearance and lets baked goods release quickly and effortlessly.” This sounds non-toxic, but wondering if they’d give you more answers or if they have an testing. I appreciate that they have the purple food allergy line and am wondering if whatever is in it that makes it purple is toxic?
The cookware appears to be similar to All-Clad with an aluminum core and stainless steel exterior so I believe this would be safe.Alicia
I’m trying to find a donut pan that is non-toxic and I can’t seem to find one. Do you know of any non-toxic donut pans?
Jackie
Hi I would love to k ow your thoughts on the Cinder grill.
On the website it says that it is made of anodized ceramic enamel. I’m not sure if that falls under ceramic and how can we know if they use a non stick coating?
Thank you!
Lisa Ruth
Purchased a set of Xtrema cookware and was extremely unhappy. The pans do not cook evenly, the are very heavy and the handles are HOT. I purchased the silicone covers for the handles, but they were hot as well. When I discussed this with Bob at the company, I was told that the you shouldn’t put the handles on for cooking. I don’t know how they expect you to put the handles on once the pans are hot, especially as they are so heavy. The product also chips VERY easily. They may be the “good stuff” but I would highly discourage you from buying them.
Mason
Echoing Feroza’s question:
What bakeware would you recommend? I’m hoping to start making healthy snacks for my toddler son, and easiest would probably be healthy muffins we can take with us. But I couldn’t figure out what bakeware would be considered safe based on your blog above. What do you use? I would be so grateful if you have any to recommend! Thanks, MasonFeroza
What is the safest bakeware to use? I’m guessing aluminum muffin pans are not good. Is it ok to use aluminum with a unbleached paper liner? What about those silicone muffin pans? Are they safe to use? Thanks for all your help! :)
emily
is Greenspan safe? Even if it non stick coated, it claims to be safe…
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B074CVZ7MM/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_search_asin_title?ie=UTF8&psc=1
Debbie
Is Blue Diamond cookware (skillets) safe & non-toxic as the company claims?
Thank you!
Isabel Flores
I read that Extrema,Rachel Ray and Ayesha Curry is made in China ,and that we should avoid all products from China.I recently contacted Lloyd Pans and I was told they do use and or produce their items in China .I keep hearing green pan and green life are safe to use but are made in china and green pan is sneaky. Which brands of cookware and utensils are safe and made in the U.S.A. ?This drives me crazy because now I feel I have to throw everything away.
Meredith
Does anyone have a recommendation for safe stainless steel flatware? We need new knives, spoons etc :)
Jenn
Hi I have a quick question.
What is your opinion on Landhaus cook wear
I bought the Dutch oven from Amazon thinking it was made in Illinois but opened it and noticed it was made in China. Really bummed me out.
I also can’t find anywhere on their sight saying if it free from lead and other toxic chemicals.
Any insight?
Erinn
I was wondering about this company as well. Hope they have some input.
james
I have many, many pieces of rarely used Calphalon Commercial (NSF) Anodized Aluminum cookware from the mid 1980’s.
Can the be safely used if I see no aluminum showing (like from scratches)? Thanks.
Pamela
Salad master. Anyone use this brand of cookware? I am so interested but it is extremely pricey. And don’t want to waste the money on something not worth it.
Meredith
Has anyone used/tested TeamFar products? They claim to be pure 18/0 stainless steel. I’ve only found their products from a handful of online retailers. Their prices are very affordable which has me wondering if it’s too good to be true.
Thanks!
Sue
Hello ?
I have very old enamel cookware that has been passed down. It is Prizer-Ware, made in USA. OS and 858 are also impressed on the bottom. The enamel (an aqua color) has worn thin in spots, there are scratches and some small, dark pitting, but a relatively smooth surface. It’s a favorite, but stopped using it awhile ago, because I am uncertain about it’s safety. Is there a place that could safely re-surface the enamel? Thank you, SueAlison Steele
Xtrema cookware tested positive for lead and cadmium, here’s the link: https://tamararubin.com/2018/08/july-2018-ceramcor-xtrema-saucepan-update/?fbclid=IwAR0jGv9VOG0Pp3eIc0fGT0yt6XcF4vhuo_pPQWwToRdb2PZh-BU67lMmUbg
Danni G
What about the safety of the Swiss Diamond brand (made in Switzerland) pans? Description states: “Patented nonstick coating reinforced with real diamond crystals (PFOA-free)”
What is a good alternative to non-stick cookware for when you don’t want the food to stick too much?
Sean
I see (and agree) with your recommendation for Le Creuset porcelain enameled cookware. But what about Le Creuset “enameled cast iron” skillets ? Is this equivalent to a standard “cast iron” cookware (such as a Lodge cast-iron skillet), in that we should limit how much we use it in order to not take up too much iron? Or does the enameling process make it safer and more like the Le Creuset porcelain enameled cookware, which we can use every day?
Thank youChristine
We are cast iron cookware manufacturer in China. We make with DISA production lines. We have been in this business for more than ten years. Our production capacity is 200,000 pcs/month. We offer quality products with competitive price.
Try cooperating with us. We are sure to be a surprise for you! Our website is at www.jsycookware.com . Please browse through for more detailed information. Email: christine@jsycookware.comAudrey Powell
What are your thoughts on Lodge’s porcelain enameled cast iron dutch oven? Here: https://shop.lodgemfg.com/dutch-ovens-and-casseroles/6-qt-dutch-ovens.asp Any risks of lead? On their website, they state: "After the iron cookware is cast in the traditional method, a glass particulate called “frit” is applied." Thank you for your help!
AV
What about Cuisinart Enameled Cookware and Cast Iron?
Ashley H
I’m new to this, and am trying to (slowly) rid my home of toxins. Do you have any recommendations for dinnerware?
Melissa
Hello
I bought some xtrema cookware after reading your cookware guide. I also bought silicone steamer that they have. Now, I wonder if silicone steamer is safe… What do you think?Dana Grecea
The best is Saladmaster.
Dana Grecea
Saladmaster Cooking Systems are the best to use.
Maximised nutritional value and purity during cooking time is guaranteed as temperature is maintained well under 90 degrees celsius and they are made out of 316Ti ( 316 Titanium stainless steel ) which is inert , non-leaching . Unique cookware with lifetime warranty . The best .
Kat
What do you think of Pyrex and Corningware, including vintage items?
Michelle
Are the skillets by Le Creuset safe? (Not Dutch oven)
Thank you!
ruby
How do you know if the aluminum is touching the food? what if the stainless steel burns off or scratches off (not sure if this can happen, but assuming yes)?
thank you for all your hard work on the research!javed
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