Types of Toxic & Non-Toxic Cookware
Pots and pans come in a wide range of materials. Some cookware materials are okay, if you have the right variety, or if you don’t use them every day. Let’s go through these one by one, including the brands we recommend.
Nontoxic Cookware Materials
The following materials are always non-toxic. We will share our favorite brands made of these materials below, under The Best Stuff.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is sometimes used for frying pans and woks. It’s similar to cast iron, and can leach small amounts of iron into food, which is great if you have someone with slight anemia in your home!
Cast Iron
For most of human history, people suffered from iron deficiencies, so cooking with cast iron helped to prevent anemia. In modern cultures, the opposite is true. Most of us get plenty of iron, and there’s a point at which ingesting too much can be problematic. In our kitchen, we try to switch between cast iron pans and pans made of other materials throughout the week. If you want to be extra cautious, you could avoid cast iron for recipes with long cooking duration or acidic foods, as this will cause increased iron leaching.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel pans are generally Good Stuff. The only caveat here is that stainless steel is made with nickel (the more nickel in the mix, the more “stainless” it is). The problem is that our bodies can handle some nickel, but too much isn’t healthy. This means that high quality stainless steel cookware, which has higher percentages of nickel, is actually of more concern than lower quality stainless steel! We know that stainless steel pans do leach nickel (along with some chromium and iron), especially with longer cooking times and when cooking acidic foods such as tomatoes. To minimize the potential for nickel leaching, you’d ideally want a pan that’s 18/4 or 18/0 stainless steel (that first number is the percentage of chromium; the second is nickel). I wouldn’t be concerned about using stainless steel as long as you just switch up your cookware. If you sometimes using cast iron and enamel pots and pans, you won’t be exposing yourself to too much nickel from stainless steel. If you’re still worried, you could avoid stainless steel when cooking acidic foods for long time periods.
Tempered Glass
Glass is probably the most inert of any cooking surface, and you can even get pots and pans made of this ultimate Good Stuff!
Titanium
Titanium is a non-toxic and biocompatible metal, so it is used for medical instruments, dental implant devices, and joint replacements. Titanium is also lightweight and extremely strong. Titanium cookware uses an aluminum base for even heat transfer and distribution. The non-porous, non-stick titanium outer surface does not allow any aluminum to leach through. The only reason to be cautious about titanium cookware is that it seems that most manufacturers now coat their titanium cookware with non-stick finishes, rendering it “Bad Stuff.”
Materials That May Be Safe in Cookware
When shopping for non-toxic cookware, some of these materials come in safe forms. Other times, they are treated (or untreated, as the case may be) in a way that renders them less safe.
Clay
Without testing a clay pot for every possible contaminant, you have no way of knowing what might be leaching into your food. Without a glaze on the pot, there is no protective barrier between what’s in the clay and your meal. The risks of unglazed clay pots and pans outweigh the potential benefits of the good minerals that might leach into your food—calcium, iron, etc.
Coated Ceramic
Made from natural materials such as clay and minerals, ceramic cookware offers excellent heat retention and distribution. Its non-reactive surface makes it ideal for cooking acidic foods, and it is also appreciated for its nontoxic nonstick cookware properties, requiring less oil or fat during cooking. Furthermore, it is generally considered safer than nonstick alternatives since it doesn’t contain potentially harmful chemicals like PFOA or PTFE. Ceramic cookware can be considered a safe less-stick if not truly truly non-stick material. Some ceramic cookware is coated with materials that may contain harmful substances like lead, cadmium, and other heavy metals. To ensure safety, it is crucial to choose ceramic cookware that is labeled as free from toxic materials and is certified as being compliant with safety standards.
Enamel
In essence, enamel is a form of glass. Enameled cookware is most often cast iron with an enamel coating. This type of cookware is wonderful to cook with. Some people have worried about lead in the enamel cookware, since the enamel coating is often made of clay, which can leach lead. For this reason, we suggest choosing high quality enamel cookware from well-known brands.
Newer Non-Stick Materials
For more details on these materials, and the brands we like most (and which brands should be avoided), check out the Best, Good, Bad, and Sneaky brands that follow. You can’t necessarily believe brands that advertise themselves as nontoxic nonstick cookware.
247 comments
Caroline Taylor
Hello,
Do you know of any non-toxic electric waffle irons? Thank you, CarolineMohammad Arshi
Hi Miaia,
Thanks for the great info. I also went through all the questions and answers on ur post. However I noticed you haven’t responded on SCANPAN . I was very curious to know about it since I read on some websites that it is very safe and does not leave any harmful chemicals in food. Please advise. Very keen to hear back from you . Thanks.
Debbie
What pan is safe to simmer homemade spaghetti sauce(or any tomato product)?
Is my moms revere ware a safe stainless steel pan for everyday use? Thanks
Tara
If plastic leaches even during storage, why doesn’t aluminum? I would’ve thought that aluminum could leach just from the long contact with the food.
jillian
Hi,
Have you researched an American made and owned, called 360 Cookware, which uses non-leaching T-304 stainless steel? I wonder if anyone else experienced when cooking with Xtrema Cookware, a funny smell. This happened on more than one occasion, and I find it very unsettling. In good health,Maia James
I’ll disagree with my mom here;). I personally would be fine with freezing in it. Sure, glass is better, but…
Suzanne Weaver-Goss
Hi Melissa, This is Suzanne, Maia’s mom. I will let her weigh in on this too but I would not use aluminum for food storage as it is a toxin. I prefer glass for freezing food.
Melissa
Hi Maia,
Thank You! Your feedback is much appreciated!I was wanting to make freezer meals for my family but I’m not wanting to use plastic Ziploc bags to freeze them obviously to avoid leaching of plastic chemicals into the food. I was wondering what your opinion is on using disposal aluminum foil pans to freeze meals. Would it be safe to use if they are used in the freezer but not heated? If not, do you have any good suggestions for what I could use that is safe?
John Goss
We remember the days when everybody said that Teflon coated pans were totally benign. It seems that every few years someone comes out with a new supposedly nontoxic version. As a result I find it hard to endorse any of them. Sooner or later legitimate concerns arise.
Personally I’ll stick with cast iron, stainless steel, enamel, glass etc. I do realize that nonstick makes cooking a bit easier, but is it worth it?
Anahita
Hello,
what do you think about the SALADMASTER brand for cooking?
Thanks
Aude
Curious about your thoughts: What about Tefal’s Intensium Non-stick coating? They haven’t used PFOA since 2003. I have a lot of Le Creuset but wanted something lighter and stackable and purchased these in 2.2107. https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00HZVO9FY/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
Thanks in advance!Sachin Sharma
I used to think not all metal and ceramic cookware are toxic but i found out about the alkaline baking soda test to test the toxicity of cookware (a simple test that you can do at home: put link). I was shocked to see that all metals leach and make food toxic. I got so worried about the health of my family and started doing research for 100% non-toxic cookware. Luckily I found MEC’s pure-clay pots that are naturally inert and non-reactive. Since then I just love this new way of healthy cooking and everyone in my family is happy with how delicious food cooks in them.
Sachin Sharma
I used to think not all metal and ceramic cookware are toxic but i found out about the alkaline baking soda test to test the toxicity of cookware (a simple test that you can do at home: put link). I was shocked to see that all metals leach and make food toxic. I got so worried about the health of my family and started doing research for 100% non-toxic cookware. Luckily I found MEC’s pure-clay pots that are naturally inert and non-reactive. Since then I just love this new way of healthy cooking and everyone in my family is happy with how delicious food cooks in them.
Maia James
Yes, the Le Crueset one is safe.
Sabrina
What is a good, safe grill pan? I want something easy to clean…..I found LeCreuset makes a cast iron grill pan that doesn’t need to be seasoned. Are there products typically “safe” or does it depend on items??? Any thoughts/feedback would be great! TIA
Sandy Weber
Hello Maia,
Thanks, SandyWhat are your reviews on the instant pot that’s out on the market? It sounds like a healthy way to cook food quickly.
Dr Faye Teichman
What do u think of graniteware?
Most urgrnt is where do i find vision cookware which is nontoxicWhere are uniware enamel pots manufacted?
Items thst contain kaolin mau be radioactive so ask xtrema to check it that has been tested
Jody
Zelancio cookware seems to be a cheaper version of Le Creuset. Am I missing something?
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01M6CX9QQ/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apis_1501856170964 Thanks!!!Lita Watson
I see that copper material is bad, too. Although it gets hot fast, it takes me some time to polish and take care of.
Abby
Have you reviewed kitchen utensils such as silicon spatulas? Also, are Pampered Chef baking stones considered clay?
Anjali
What are your thoughts on stovetop tea kettles made of borosilicate glass? For instance the medelco one: https://www.amazon.com/Medelco-12-Cup-Stovetop-Whistling-Kettle/dp/B000V5X826
I bought the Staub kettle you recommended and like everything about it except the handles get too hot to use without a cloth and it is veryyyyy heavy. I thought about returning it and getting a glass tea kettle if it is as safe as ceramic
Bill
I’m not so sure Xtrema is as safe as it’s portrayed. The idea that it contains lead, even if it doesn’t leach, is off-putting: http://tamararubin.com/2017/06/mercola_pan/
I think CorningWare Pyroceram may be the best option. I ordered mine but they haven’t arrived yet (I also wish I could get Pyroceram lids for it instead of Pyrex).Jaime
Did you ever get a response to this. I’m interested in scanpan too! What did you end up purchasing?
Jennifer
I just used my self cleaning stove for the first time. I had the windows open but it still smelled and I had my 18 month old home. I’m assuming it’s covered in Teflon which is toxic. I should have done my research first and now I’m in a panic. Is one time enough to do major damage to my baby’s lungs? I’m always worried about cancer risks and now I’m really worried!
John Goss
Hi Andrea,
Renaware appears to have an 18/0 Stainless exterior covering an aluminum core. 18/0 stainless is fine as long as it does not wear through to the aluminum core.
Ana Jiménez
Hello,
what do you think about the SILIT brand for cooking? Their pots contain a pottery that they make called silargan. And the pans of the WMF brand with ceradur? Both are German brands and are made of ceramic. Do not recommend them?
Thank you very much.
I live in Spain and I follow your page. What do you recommend, because there are things I can not buy here
Andrea
Hi Maia-
What do you think about Rena Ware cookware? Is it safe to use? My mother has always used them and keeps insisting they are great! I did a little research and it seems it’s mainly stainless steel and aluminum, but I’m not sure if it’s good or sneaky stuff. Here is their website https://renaware.com/product-category/cookware/ but I found more info here: http://training.renaware.com/Thailand/PDFs/Product_Resources/English/1921_01_0711_Cookware.pdf Thank you for all your valuable information. :)Mat
Hello Maia
Thank you for gathering and sharing all this useful info in order to help us all. Just wanted to bring something to your attention after reading the bit on Greenpan. The material they use is silicon (SiO2) not silicone. Hope this helps with some of your research :) MatJohn
Hi Rebeca,
Grades of Stainless steel Flatware and Cookware - Economy grade Kitchenware in India is made with low carbon 14/1 (Chromium: 14%, Nickel: 1%) stainless steel - Economy grade 21/0 is used to make economy flatware. It is comparable to classic 18/0. Neither 21/0, nor 18/0 has any Nickel. ThanksJohn here…
20/0 has no nickel. This means that it is “Economy” grade cookware. From a health perspective, Economy grade (less nickel) is a good thing. It is interesting that, in the case of stainless cookware, the lower priced stuff is often the healthier choice!
John
Hi Harvey,
Thanks, JohnAluminum that is clad with Stainless is fine as long as the stainless is not scared through to the aluminum on the inside. Older/heavily-used clad pans can have this problem, but it takes a long time to wear through.
John
High quality stainless (Surgical) has a higher nickel content…which is a good thing from a surgical/quality perspective but a bad thing from a health perspective.
If, however, you are considering their teapot, I’d think it’s ok because you will never be scaping of scouring the interior of a teapot. Therefore you wont be releasing nickel. Thanks… JohnJohn
Hi Nancy,
We are not fans of any cookware that is “non-stick”. The aluminum core is fine as long as the coating over the aluminum does not become compromised. ThanksJohn here,
John
Hi Erica,
ThanksJohn here…
In our opinion, anything that is “non-stick” should be avoided if possible.
Rebeca
Hello Maia & John, I came across 21/0 stainless steel pans from Costco. I know you have mentioned that the best ratio is 18/0. Would 21/0 be ideal? The brand is Chantal.
“*Made with superior 21/0 Japanese stainless-steel *The steel includes: Copper for better heat conductivity, Titanium for quick heating and extra strength, and Chromium for added durability" Any input or insight is greatly appreciated!grace
John, I saw your response to one of the reader’s questions regarding the Scanpan brand. I too was interested to learn more about that brand. I understand your concerns with the fact that it is an aluminum core and contains a proprietary non-stick surface. That being said, their website claims that the manufacturing process guarantees safety from both the nonstick material and the aluminum. I’ve copied and pasted the text below. Would you agree that is possible? Or are you of the opinion that chemical leaching can still be present?
Thanks, Grace “That’s where SCANPAN CLASSIC NEW TEK comes to the rescue. We start with the best tradition in professional cookware: Pressure-cast aluminum. Aluminum is an excellent conductor of heat. The SCANPAN heavy-duty base is literally forged into shape under 200 tons of pressure. That’s the only way to really eliminate hot spots and to create a perfectly even pan base. And we have researched the optimum thickness for the pan base to prevent any warping and, at the same time, create the perfect condition for the pan to heat up quickly and evenly. Our combination of raw material, pressure casting and thickness of the pan body, thus, results in perfectly even heat distribution, superior heat retention and a perfectly flat pan base for life. SCANPAN Cookware is especially engineered for halogen, ceramic and electric ranges but will, of course, work on gas and electric coil ranges, as well. Now to SCANPAN’s space-age surface: Both ceramic and titanium are incredibly hard materials. After having pressure-cast the raw pan body, the ceramic-titanium compound is super-heated to 36,000º F (thirty six thousand degrees!) at which point it liquefies. The ceramic-titanium enters a “plasma state”. That liquid plasma is then fired into the pan surface at twice the speed of sound. Lots of heat and impact. The ceramic-titanium literally anchors itself in the aluminum surface and becomes one with the pan. That’s NASA technology. The SCANPAN surface technology is based on the principle of using ceramic tiles on the space shuttle, which prevent the shuttle from burning up during re-entry into the earth’s atmosphere. We have that concept patented for aluminum nonstick cookware. When looking at SCANPAN CLASSIC NEW TEK under a microscope, we see something like a lunar landscape. A myriad of mini-craters, all similar in size and shape. These craters were created when firing the ceramic-titanium compound into the cooking surface, and are then filled with our specially formulated NEW TEK non-stick compound. The compound is in the craters, not on them. The ceramic-titanium protects it from being scraped away. Even if you use a metal spatula. We have tried. Ran a metal spatula with a 2-lb-weight over the SCANPAN surface 300,000 times. A third of the spatula was literally ground away after the test (performed by an independent laboratory in Germany). The pan’s non-stick surface and performance remained perfectly intact! The MOHS scale measures hardness of gemstones. Diamonds come in with a perfect 10. SCANPAN CLASSIC is a 9.5. There is no tool in your kitchen that could damage or destroy the SCANPAN surface. If we can’t destroy the surface, we can’t get at the non-stick compound. If we can’t get at the non-stick compound, it can’t be scraped away. If we can’t scrape it away, it will work for as long as you own the pan."mallory cash
Are borosilicate glass tea pots safe?
Harvey
Mia;
First, thank you for this wonderful information. Question: Is a Farberware aluminium clad saucepan safe? I have got a Farberware saucepan. It holds about 4 or 6 quarts. I thought it was solid stainless steel. I bought a glass induction cooktop. A pot has got to be steel for an induction cooker to work. The Farberware saucepan would not work. I looked on the bottom and it says “Aluminium Clad Stainless Steel.” It appears the aluminium is on the outside bottom only. A refrigerator magnet will not stick to the outside bottom. However, the refrigerator magnet will stick to the inside bottom and the inside sides. Thanks.Maia James
As far as I know, this should be fine.
Sumiyah
I got a kettle from primula “catalina” and the inside is sandblasted stainless steel…it’s gray. is this safe?
Judy
Can you tell me anything about the Willow and Everett surgical Stainless According to THEIR answer to a question the interior is surgical stainless steel. Can I trust this reply and is this safe?
Nancy
Hello I am just learning about all the dangers in everyday household supplies. Thank you for all your research. I am wondering about Rachael Ray hard enamel cookware, Sturdy aluminum construction promotes even heating, helping to reduce hot spots that can burn foods, and the bold two-tone enamel cookware exteriors show plenty of stylish kitchen personality. Rachael Ray hard enamel cookware features durable nonstick interiors that provide beautiful food release and make cleanup snappy (Copied and paste description from walmart online). Thank you for your time.
Erica
Hi there, love this website.
I am wondering about your thoughts on the Cuisinart Green Gourmet line.Ines
Hi Maia
Thank you for providing all this vaulable information what is your opinion on the thermomix machine? Is it good stuff?
Thanks a lot
John
Hi Tara,
https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/safe-product-guides/cookware/ Best,John here…
Pampered Chef Executive cookware is nonstick. As such it does not make our “Good Stuff” list. The good news is that although it is aluminum, your food never touches the aluminum. The bad news is that the reason your food never touches the aluminum is because the aluminum is coated with a nonstick substance. Although current nonstick coating are somewhat better than their predecessors, they are far from benign.
Tara
Do you happen to know if Pampered Chef Executive Cookware, which is advertised as “hard-anodized aluminum reinforced with titanium,” is the bad aluminum?
Maia James
Yes, I think Calphanon is just as good:).
Britney
Hello Maia.
Nice blog!!!
Thanks for the post of “safe cookware guide”
I just like the helpful information you provide to your articles
Really you’ve mentioned here nice information about Cookware.
I likes your cookware reviews.
Best of luck.
:-)
Maia James
Yes, but aluminum is only a concern if it’s touching the food.
Laura Mendez
Hi! Is there a difference between the Calphalon Stainless Steel and the All Clad Stainless cookware sets, besides the price? All Clad is much more expensive, but are they both the same amount of non-toxic?
Thanks! Lauracheryl
But aren’t some stainless steel just covering the aluminum?