Fire “Safety” in Mattresses
Mattresses are required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission to meet flammability laws. This previously meant that they were almost always treated with bromated or chlorinated flame-retardant chemicals, typically one of the first three on this list:
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. PBDEs are associated with hormone-disruption and neurodevelopmental delays, including lowered IQ. The European Union has banned the use of PBDEs in electronic devices. Studies show that children in the United States have higher levels of PBDEs than adults do. Oh, and here’s the kicker: they don’t even work very well at stopping fires!
- Firemaster 550. This nasty chemical cocktail is made with bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH). Yes, you saw that word in there: phthalate. TBPH is nearly identical to DEHP, the phthalate banned in children’s products (including mattresses!!) due to evidence of carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity.
- Chlorinated tris. This is the notorious chemical that was removed from children’s pajamas in the 1970s because it was shown to cause cancer.
- Halogen-free flame retardants. This newer class of chemicals (such as ammonium polyphosphate, aluminium diethyl phosphinate, and melamine polyphosphate) is believed to be much less likely to bioaccumulate than bromated flame retardants. I still prefer my mattresses to be free of even these.
In addition to these notoriously toxic flame retardants, companies may use some of the following ingredients to pass flammability tests: boric acid, silica, melamine, vinylidene chloride, and fiberglass.
The Importance of Fiberglass-Free Mattresses
Fiberglass isn’t a chemical flame retardant, but it can still come with some serious health risks.
Here’s just two reasons that buying mattresses without fiberglass is important:
- No more itchy nights. Fiberglass particles can easily escape from mattress covers. This can cause itching, redness, and respiratory issues like coughing and wheezing. This is especially concerning for children and those with sensitive skin or allergies.
- Better indoor air quality. Fiberglass dust can also float around, potentially triggering coughs, wheezing, and generally messing with your respiratory system.
A Myth About Off-Gassing
Many of my clients think that their mattresses are okay if they are old because they have “already off-gassed.” Unfortunately, this is not true in the case of foam mattresses. In fact, as the foam degrades, more PBDEs (hormone-disrupting flame retardants) may be released.
Are Mattress Coils Dangerous?
There has been a lot of online chatter in recent years regarding metal coils in mattresses. We paid close attention to this and did some research, and we arrived at the conclusion that steel springs present no established danger.
We simply cannot find any credible evidence showing that metal coils can act like an antenna and concentrate EMFs into our sleeping bodies. Phew–one less thing to worry about!
What Is the Least Toxic Mattress Material?
A toxin-free mattress will likely contain some combination of the following materials:
- Organic wool (untreated) is naturally flame- and mildew/dust mite-resistant.
- 100% natural latex (made from rubber trees) is safer than latex blends. The latter may contain petroleum-based polyurethane. It’s important to note that no latex foam mattress can be 100% natural or organic. Turning latex rubber to foam necessitates the use of chemicals, period. Certified latex mattresses simply have less chemical content.
- Organic cotton (grown in untreated soil, without pesticides) can be used for batting or mattress wrapping. There is a robust debate about whether or not the herbicides and pesticides used on cotton crops will wash/bleach out as the cotton is processed. Most studies show that it does, but some folks believe that a residue remains. We believe that the risk of sleeping on a mattress or sheets made from conventionally grown cotton is tiny. Still, for the good of the planet, we should all choose organically-grown cotton whenever possible.
- Trusted certifications from third-party certifying bodies mean that some ingredients in the mattress have been vetted by organizations committed to improving air quality. This also means a safer sleeping surface for you. However, all certifications are not created equally, as you’ll learn below.
Dunlop Versus Talalay Latex in the Best Non-Toxic Mattress Brands
You’ll probably read a lot about Talalay versus Dunlop latex in your search for the best organic mattress. In terms of comfort, Dunlop is firmer and Talalay is lighter and softer. If you’re looking for a GOLS-certified mattress (more on this below), you’ll need to choose a mattress made of Dunlop latex.
Don’t Be Fooled By…
The mattress industry is full of greenwashing. Here are just a few claims that should alert you that a brand may be Sneaky Stuff.
- “Natural latex.” Petroleum comes from the earth, so petroleum-based mattresses can be “natural.” A “natural latex mattress” may only contain only 50% natural latex and may be blended with polyurethane foam and treated with various VOCs. Look for mattresses that specify that they are made from only 100% natural latex.
- “All-natural wool,” “pure wool” or “eco-wool.” Unless wool is certified organic, it is likely processed conventionally with a variety of chemicals. You may or may not be okay with this (I feel that the flame retardants are more concerning). In some cases, a wool producer may not bother with organic certification, despite organic practices.
- Biofoam. Soy- or plant-foam is still made of mostly polyurethane. Biofoam mattresses typically contain less than 20% plant material.
- Certifications. Oftentimes, these certifications apply only to certain parts of the mattress, not necessarily the mattress as a whole. In some cases, the mattress company creates its own certification. You will read more about these certifications in a moment.
Bottom line: There is a lot of deceptive marketing in the mattress world. It is not illegal to throw around terms like “natural,” “green,” and even “organic” without actually having to prove anything.
What to Know About Mattress Certifications
Sorting through mattress certifications is maddening. Here’s just some of why that is:
- First of all, not all certifications are created equal. Some offer great assurance that your new mattress will be non-toxic, while others are essentially meaningless.
- What’s more, just because a company shows a certification doesn’t mean all of the material in that mattress is certified. One of our readers wrote to us about a mattress that contained Oeko-Tex 100 certified wool, but the company wouldn’t confirm that they solely purchase the wool from this source. Thus, in this case, it would be impossible to know if the mattress you’re purchasing contains the certified wool or not, to say nothing of the other materials in this mattress.
- Sometimes, a mattress will claim to have a certification that they don’t really have. One of the most common deceptive practices is when a manufacturer claims to have GOLS certification for their latex mattress, and even display the GOLS logo on their website. They might even show an actual copy of it on their website, complete with date and signatures. If, however, the certificate is not written to the same name as the manufacturer, it is not particularly meaningful. They are commonly written to a latex supplier out of Sri Lanka, India or South America. Such a certification shows only that the latex was certified up to that point on its journey to becoming someone’s bed. Between Sri Lanka and your bedroom, all sorts of things can happen to the latex to cause it to be more toxic than the certification implies.
So, how do you know if a mattress is non-toxic?
Best Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
The two certifications to look for in your mattress are GOLS (Global Organic Latex Standard) and GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard).
(And again, the best non-toxic mattress brands have these certifications written directly to the mattress manufacturer.)
To obtain a GOTS certification, at least 95% of the mattress must be made of certified-organic materials. Certain chemistries are prohibited entirely, even for that other 5%. A GOTS certification on a mattress means that the entire manufacturing and distribution process is environmentally safe and socially responsible.
Prohibited materials and contaminants in a GOTS-certified mattress include:
- Polyurethane foam
- Heavy metals
- Formaldehyde
- The fire retardants listed above
One thing we love about GOTS certification is that in order to obtain it, a mattress must be produced in a facility that is also certified. In fact, GOTS certifiers visit production facilities as part of the certification process. (If you are curious about a brand that we don’t review in this guide, you can check for GOTS certification in the GOTS database.)
Similar to GOTS, a GOLS certification means that the mattress is made of at least 95% organic latex. This means that 5% of the latex can be made of synthetic materials, although these are still restricted in some important ways). A GOLS certification requires third-party testing and inspections by certifiers.
Good Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
While OEKO-TEX Standard 100 doesn’t require any organic materials to be used in a mattress, it does set limits for VOC emissions (such as formaldehyde). It also prohibits the use of dangerous flame-retardants and dyes. When looking at mattresses, the highest level of OEKO-TEX certification is Class 1.
Greenguard-certified mattresses have been tested for, and are within limits of, several hundred VOCs, including formaldehyde. Greenguard Gold has stricter standards than plain old Greenguard, but they are not testing for flame retardants or PFAS.
Okay Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
Organic Content Standard 100 just means that some of the ingredients are organic. This certification doesn’t ban flame-retardants or other harmful chemicals.
CertiPUR was developed “by members of the global foam industry,” although it does ban the use of some chemicals, such as PBDE flame-retardants and formaldehyde. It’s important to know that CertiPUR does not certify an entire mattress, only the foam portion.
A Sneaky Mattress Certification
NAOMI (National Association of Organic Mattress Industry) was created by Pure Rest Organics, which is a mattress company. Obviously this means that a NAOMI certification no way independent or third-party
The Bottom Line on Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
When it comes to mattress certifications, most are of SOME value, but they can be used sneakily by mattress manufacturers.
You really need to ask to see the actual signed certification, keeping in mind that if it’s out of date, it’s worthless. You also want to make sure that the entire factory that produces your mattress is certified to be free of toxins, particularly flame retardants. This will guarantee that you don’t have to worry about cross-contamination and mattress health issues.
If You Can’t Afford the Best Non-Toxic Mattress
Maybe you’ve looked all the way down to our Okay Stuff category and checked out the coupons (top of this page), and you simply don’t have it in your budget to upgrade to a safe mattress right now.
Readers often ask: “How do I protect myself from a toxic mattress?”
Unfortunately, there’s no way to wrap a mattress to protect yourself from VOCs. However, running a robust air filter will go a long way towards purifying your indoor air. I have the Austin HealthMate PLUS Air Purification System in my bedroom because while I do have a toxin-free mattress, I also have other furniture and rugs that aren’t as clean. I love knowing that the air filter is mitigating the damage!
You also might consider a futon as an alternative to an expensive, non-toxic mattress. They are much more comfortable than they were in your childhood, and I love the ones by Soaring Heart in particular. (Conventional or Sneaky futons will be loaded with all the same scary chemicals as mattresses.)
Here’s where I explain the difference between a mattress and a futon:
929 comments
timothy m deese
Good Day … after seemingly days of mattress research – and despite yours and others’ skepticisms -we are considering buying Saatvas’ Classic mattress ( or maybe their healthier Latex Hybrid ?) … What do you think of these regarding toxicity issues ?? Thank You … Tim Deese
Brooke
I’m confused by the info on the Tuft & Needle mattresses. I am looking at the Mint, and the website says it is Greenguard Gold certified (under “certifications” here: https://www.tuftandneedle.com/mattress/mint/?bvstate=pg:3/ct:r)
This obviously contradicts the info you have above, so how do I verify if their claimed certifications are true?
Jenna
Hi Maia! What do you suggest for a bassinet mattress? I’m not finding anything safe!
Holly
Hi!
Love your site – you are my go to for non toxic info!
We are looking at a tuft & needle mattress & I was surprised by the updated review in here saying they only have Certi-PUR as they have a few certifications – including GreenGuard Gold on their site. Just wondering if it’s a sneaky certification or if they have updated their certs. Thanks!
Olivia
Tuft and needle now has GREENGUARD gold, would that change its rating?
Also, curious if you have researched joybeds.com chemical free mattresses?
johnlockegoss
We totally agree. Fiberglass in your mattress should definitely be avoided…as should any memory foam mattress.
johnlockegoss
Correct. Awara does not have the certifications we look for.
Greg Blank
Yes I would like to know this as well!
Greg Blank
To save you trouble, I called Awara, and they are not certified with GOTS or GOLS, and instead use Certipure and Rain Forest Alliance certifications.
John Snow
Very good info, however I think you should update it to include more info about fiberglass. I had to buy a mattresses for my kid when she outgrew her crib and I was surprised to learn that many memory foam mattresses have fiberglass in them! The fiberglass is in loose strands and only contained by the manufacturer’s slipcover and after it gets released it goes into hvac systems and people have had to get rid of their homes or have them gutted to get rid of all the fibers! What a nightmare… So to help people I put my research about it on my computer/electronics blog if you want to check out the post at https://www.jsnowcreations.com/?p=1995 and the site where I first learned about the dangers of fiberglass in mattresses is this one https://fiberglassawareness.com/fiberglass/mattresses.htm
Greg
Hi, thanks so much for this site! In rushing to move into a new place, I just made the mistake of buying an off-gasing mattress at MattressFirm… I didn’t think it was, but it wound up have an inch or 2 layer of foam etc. Now I may be stuck paying a huge restocking fee unless I perhaps exchange for their ONLY organic mattress they sell which is by Awara. But I don’t see Awara here in your list at all. How do they stack up?
Evonne
can you give me advice on a mattress company called https://www.eightsleep.com?
Thanks.Lightcap
My green mattress also offers the Kiwi Bunk Bed Mattress in twin size which is 8 inches high.
Amanda
Interested in these as well!
Amanda
Do you know anything about the bentwood home cedar luxe mattress?? It says it’s 100% organic gots. Would love any info you might have on it!
Kathleen
Debating between the My green mattress and white lotus for my toddler. I’ve read that steel core/springs make the mattress last 4x longer, but leaning towards the white lotus since they offer 6-8in height versus 9.25-9.5in from My green which I think will be too tall for my toddler’s montessori low bed. Would love your thoughts! Love your guide.
Amanda
Hi! I went through the reviews and want to get an organic mattress but it seems like all of the best mattresses as far as materials go are firm. I am looking for a softer bed but they all seem to be firm. Any suggestions?
Thanks!
Megan
Is there any research on 5 little monkeys?
meg
Wow. THANK YOU FOR THIS INFO! I’ve been searching high and low and you’ve made it clear.
Suzanne Weaver-Goss
Hi Naala,
Thank you for letting us know. We will reach out to them and make sure that we update our site. Sorry that you had this experience with them.Brittany
Hi , would love to hear your opinion on Brentwood Homes mattresses’. They have a new hybrid latex mattress I’ve been doing tons of research on.
& I see Plush Beds on the best stuff, does this go for all of plus beds mattresses’? Some of them are not certified “organicâ€. Thank you!N
I also noticed that In 2018, Avocado Mattress completed a merger with Brentwood Home.
N
Hi,
Thank you for all your help and the work that you do. Have you looked into the Brentwood Cedar Natural Luxe Mattress? Thanks!Teresa
Have you researched anything about purple mattress? And if so where do they fall in the line of best to bad on your list of mattress options.
Karen
Silk & Snow – Cdn company shipping for free to Canada and the continental USA! They offer an organic mattress for extremely reasonable price. Can you look into this?
Meghan Blake
Any feedback on a box spring? I cannot find any that state they are toxin free or certified? Thank you!
Angie
Do you have recommendations for mattress protectors to protect these non-toxic mattresses?
Tom S.
You mentioned that Simmons uses vinyl. Can you explain where and how much. i was considering a Beauty Rest but, vinyl concerns me.
Debbie
SleepOnLatex was listed on your OK list because you stated that they did not have GOLS certification. I checked today and they list their GOLS certification. If they check out, would they qualify as a safe option?
https://sleeponlatex.com/products/natural-latex-mattressjohnlockegoss
Good question… Brentwood Homes has no mattresses that qualify as “Good Stuff”. They do not have the certifications we look for. Trundle mattresses are usually smaller and thinner than standard sizes. This often requires a custom build. Custom builds usually cost a bit more rather than less.
Having said that, we work with a company that has good certifications that makes very nice wool toppers that make great trundle mattresses. We own two and I’ve always maintained that because they are so comfy they would suffice as a mattress! They might be the perfect thing and they will cost far less than a mattress. If you send me your dimensions I can get a price for you. Send to john@gimmethegoodstuff.com
R
Hi, I was wondering if you had any input on the Juniper mattress (Brentwood homes)? We have mygreen mattresses for our kids but need to get a mattress for a trundle in their room which will be used very infrequently. Hence we’d like to spend less… Are there concerns with having a less than “best” mattress in their room even though they are not sleeping on it? Thank you!
johnlockegoss
Zinus makes memory foam mattresses…therefore there is no way they would make our “Best Stuff” or “Good Stuff” lists.
FH
Your thoughts on Zinus brand mattresses.
johnlockegoss
Hi Rachael, Generally speaking, most mattresses are relatively firm. This is certainly true of nontoxic latex mattresses. A topper is recommended for those who want a softer experience.
Jess
Hello I was hoping to get some input on Joybed mattresses
Where on this list would you put them?
Thank you :)
Rachel
Does anyone have recommendations for a natural mattress for a lightweight side sleeper? It looks like most of them are on the firmer side without a topper.
Maia James
These were Good Stuff last time we checked, but we’ve had communications issues with this brand.
Kimberly
Love the updates and this whole article (from when I found it 3 years ago and was pleasantly surprised that many of the brands upgraded) – Thank you so much for this! I was surprised that the OMI brands – OrganicPedic, Lifekind, and Metta – weren’t on here – any opinions on those?
Liz
Unfortunately none of the mattresses in the Best and Good stuff categories will work for me and my husband. Brooklyn Mattress meets all my needs but I am wondering if there have been any updates since this was posted? Would you consider this company to be better than some of the other mainstream mattresses out there?
Also, what are the thoughts on Sleep Number and what category they would fall into, particularly as compared to Brooklyn Mattress? Thank you in advance!Abigail
What are your thoughts on Zinus mattresses? Thank you!
Jessica
Any thoughts on the Live and Sleep eco-friendly memory foam mattress? I haven’t heard much about this company but came across the site after trying to find a super affordable mattress for my sons college apartment. Any suggestions?
Amber
Forgive me if you’ve already answered this question, but do you have any thoughts about The Futon Shop? Specifically, I am looking at this product: https://www.thefutonshop.com/organic-latex-wool-mattress-topper-celestia-organic-topper/
And thanks for everything you do! I appreciate the care and effort you all have put into procuring this information and making it available to the rest of us.
Michael Fradelizio
Hi
My wife and I use a split king adjustable bed. We are in the market for new mattresses. Does anyone know of a healthy option?
Thanks
Michael
John
Saatva does not have the independent 3rd party certifications we look for. Not all latex has an odor.
John
Unfortunately Awara does not have the 3rd party certifications we look for.
John
Take a look at these. There are 2 versions. Only 4 inches thick. We sleep on the latex one!
https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/?s=shikibuton
Eggy
Can you give an evaluation of the puffy lux mattress?
Peggy
How do you feel about the Uffy Lux matters
Can you review it?
Sabine
Any opinion on Lifekind and OMI? I have a Lifekind “The Duet” mattress and it is very comfortable. I think it would fall under “the best stuff” but curious on your thoughts. Thanks!
CuriousintheNW
Hi there-I am curious about the SleeponLatex brand. I see you have it rated and reference that they do not use “the most dangerous flame retardants.” From what I can tell from their website they are using wool and nothing else as a flame retardant (their wool is supposed to be GOTS certified) Also, their latex foam is purportedly made without any fillers or synthetic latex and is certified by Oeko-Tex and ecoInstitut. This company appears to meet all of your standards but you still have them rated as “OK” I am curious if you could share with me some more information that I can use to delineate why this product is not on the good stuff list because their certifications are all in their name and their product appears to meet your standards. Thanks!