Fire “Safety” in Mattresses
Mattresses are required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission to meet flammability laws. This previously meant that they were almost always treated with bromated or chlorinated flame-retardant chemicals, typically one of the first three on this list:
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. PBDEs are associated with hormone-disruption and neurodevelopmental delays, including lowered IQ. The European Union has banned the use of PBDEs in electronic devices. Studies show that children in the United States have higher levels of PBDEs than adults do. Oh, and here’s the kicker: they don’t even work very well at stopping fires!
- Firemaster 550. This nasty chemical cocktail is made with bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH). Yes, you saw that word in there: phthalate. TBPH is nearly identical to DEHP, the phthalate banned in children’s products (including mattresses!!) due to evidence of carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity.
- Chlorinated tris. This is the notorious chemical that was removed from children’s pajamas in the 1970s because it was shown to cause cancer.
- Halogen-free flame retardants. This newer class of chemicals (such as ammonium polyphosphate, aluminium diethyl phosphinate, and melamine polyphosphate) is believed to be much less likely to bioaccumulate than bromated flame retardants. I still prefer my mattresses to be free of even these.
In addition to these notoriously toxic flame retardants, companies may use some of the following ingredients to pass flammability tests: boric acid, silica, melamine, vinylidene chloride, and fiberglass.
The Importance of Fiberglass-Free Mattresses
Fiberglass isn’t a chemical flame retardant, but it can still come with some serious health risks.
Here’s just two reasons that buying mattresses without fiberglass is important:
- No more itchy nights. Fiberglass particles can easily escape from mattress covers. This can cause itching, redness, and respiratory issues like coughing and wheezing. This is especially concerning for children and those with sensitive skin or allergies.
- Better indoor air quality. Fiberglass dust can also float around, potentially triggering coughs, wheezing, and generally messing with your respiratory system.
A Myth About Off-Gassing
Many of my clients think that their mattresses are okay if they are old because they have “already off-gassed.” Unfortunately, this is not true in the case of foam mattresses. In fact, as the foam degrades, more PBDEs (hormone-disrupting flame retardants) may be released.
Are Mattress Coils Dangerous?
There has been a lot of online chatter in recent years regarding metal coils in mattresses. We paid close attention to this and did some research, and we arrived at the conclusion that steel springs present no established danger.
We simply cannot find any credible evidence showing that metal coils can act like an antenna and concentrate EMFs into our sleeping bodies. Phew–one less thing to worry about!
What Is the Least Toxic Mattress Material?
A toxin-free mattress will likely contain some combination of the following materials:
- Organic wool (untreated) is naturally flame- and mildew/dust mite-resistant.
- 100% natural latex (made from rubber trees) is safer than latex blends. The latter may contain petroleum-based polyurethane. It’s important to note that no latex foam mattress can be 100% natural or organic. Turning latex rubber to foam necessitates the use of chemicals, period. Certified latex mattresses simply have less chemical content.
- Organic cotton (grown in untreated soil, without pesticides) can be used for batting or mattress wrapping. There is a robust debate about whether or not the herbicides and pesticides used on cotton crops will wash/bleach out as the cotton is processed. Most studies show that it does, but some folks believe that a residue remains. We believe that the risk of sleeping on a mattress or sheets made from conventionally grown cotton is tiny. Still, for the good of the planet, we should all choose organically-grown cotton whenever possible.
- Trusted certifications from third-party certifying bodies mean that some ingredients in the mattress have been vetted by organizations committed to improving air quality. This also means a safer sleeping surface for you. However, all certifications are not created equally, as you’ll learn below.
Dunlop Versus Talalay Latex in the Best Non-Toxic Mattress Brands
You’ll probably read a lot about Talalay versus Dunlop latex in your search for the best organic mattress. In terms of comfort, Dunlop is firmer and Talalay is lighter and softer. If you’re looking for a GOLS-certified mattress (more on this below), you’ll need to choose a mattress made of Dunlop latex.
Don’t Be Fooled By…
The mattress industry is full of greenwashing. Here are just a few claims that should alert you that a brand may be Sneaky Stuff.
- “Natural latex.” Petroleum comes from the earth, so petroleum-based mattresses can be “natural.” A “natural latex mattress” may only contain only 50% natural latex and may be blended with polyurethane foam and treated with various VOCs. Look for mattresses that specify that they are made from only 100% natural latex.
- “All-natural wool,” “pure wool” or “eco-wool.” Unless wool is certified organic, it is likely processed conventionally with a variety of chemicals. You may or may not be okay with this (I feel that the flame retardants are more concerning). In some cases, a wool producer may not bother with organic certification, despite organic practices.
- Biofoam. Soy- or plant-foam is still made of mostly polyurethane. Biofoam mattresses typically contain less than 20% plant material.
- Certifications. Oftentimes, these certifications apply only to certain parts of the mattress, not necessarily the mattress as a whole. In some cases, the mattress company creates its own certification. You will read more about these certifications in a moment.
Bottom line: There is a lot of deceptive marketing in the mattress world. It is not illegal to throw around terms like “natural,” “green,” and even “organic” without actually having to prove anything.
What to Know About Mattress Certifications
Sorting through mattress certifications is maddening. Here’s just some of why that is:
- First of all, not all certifications are created equal. Some offer great assurance that your new mattress will be non-toxic, while others are essentially meaningless.
- What’s more, just because a company shows a certification doesn’t mean all of the material in that mattress is certified. One of our readers wrote to us about a mattress that contained Oeko-Tex 100 certified wool, but the company wouldn’t confirm that they solely purchase the wool from this source. Thus, in this case, it would be impossible to know if the mattress you’re purchasing contains the certified wool or not, to say nothing of the other materials in this mattress.
- Sometimes, a mattress will claim to have a certification that they don’t really have. One of the most common deceptive practices is when a manufacturer claims to have GOLS certification for their latex mattress, and even display the GOLS logo on their website. They might even show an actual copy of it on their website, complete with date and signatures. If, however, the certificate is not written to the same name as the manufacturer, it is not particularly meaningful. They are commonly written to a latex supplier out of Sri Lanka, India or South America. Such a certification shows only that the latex was certified up to that point on its journey to becoming someone’s bed. Between Sri Lanka and your bedroom, all sorts of things can happen to the latex to cause it to be more toxic than the certification implies.
So, how do you know if a mattress is non-toxic?
Best Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
The two certifications to look for in your mattress are GOLS (Global Organic Latex Standard) and GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard).
(And again, the best non-toxic mattress brands have these certifications written directly to the mattress manufacturer.)
To obtain a GOTS certification, at least 95% of the mattress must be made of certified-organic materials. Certain chemistries are prohibited entirely, even for that other 5%. A GOTS certification on a mattress means that the entire manufacturing and distribution process is environmentally safe and socially responsible.
Prohibited materials and contaminants in a GOTS-certified mattress include:
- Polyurethane foam
- Heavy metals
- Formaldehyde
- The fire retardants listed above
One thing we love about GOTS certification is that in order to obtain it, a mattress must be produced in a facility that is also certified. In fact, GOTS certifiers visit production facilities as part of the certification process. (If you are curious about a brand that we don’t review in this guide, you can check for GOTS certification in the GOTS database.)
Similar to GOTS, a GOLS certification means that the mattress is made of at least 95% organic latex. This means that 5% of the latex can be made of synthetic materials, although these are still restricted in some important ways). A GOLS certification requires third-party testing and inspections by certifiers.
Good Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
While OEKO-TEX Standard 100 doesn’t require any organic materials to be used in a mattress, it does set limits for VOC emissions (such as formaldehyde). It also prohibits the use of dangerous flame-retardants and dyes. When looking at mattresses, the highest level of OEKO-TEX certification is Class 1.
Greenguard-certified mattresses have been tested for, and are within limits of, several hundred VOCs, including formaldehyde. Greenguard Gold has stricter standards than plain old Greenguard, but they are not testing for flame retardants or PFAS.
Okay Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
Organic Content Standard 100 just means that some of the ingredients are organic. This certification doesn’t ban flame-retardants or other harmful chemicals.
CertiPUR was developed “by members of the global foam industry,” although it does ban the use of some chemicals, such as PBDE flame-retardants and formaldehyde. It’s important to know that CertiPUR does not certify an entire mattress, only the foam portion.
A Sneaky Mattress Certification
NAOMI (National Association of Organic Mattress Industry) was created by Pure Rest Organics, which is a mattress company. Obviously this means that a NAOMI certification no way independent or third-party
The Bottom Line on Non-Toxic Mattress Certifications
When it comes to mattress certifications, most are of SOME value, but they can be used sneakily by mattress manufacturers.
You really need to ask to see the actual signed certification, keeping in mind that if it’s out of date, it’s worthless. You also want to make sure that the entire factory that produces your mattress is certified to be free of toxins, particularly flame retardants. This will guarantee that you don’t have to worry about cross-contamination and mattress health issues.
If You Can’t Afford the Best Non-Toxic Mattress
Maybe you’ve looked all the way down to our Okay Stuff category and checked out the coupons (top of this page), and you simply don’t have it in your budget to upgrade to a safe mattress right now.
Readers often ask: “How do I protect myself from a toxic mattress?”
Unfortunately, there’s no way to wrap a mattress to protect yourself from VOCs. However, running a robust air filter will go a long way towards purifying your indoor air. I have the Austin HealthMate PLUS Air Purification System in my bedroom because while I do have a toxin-free mattress, I also have other furniture and rugs that aren’t as clean. I love knowing that the air filter is mitigating the damage!
You also might consider a futon as an alternative to an expensive, non-toxic mattress. They are much more comfortable than they were in your childhood, and I love the ones by Soaring Heart in particular. (Conventional or Sneaky futons will be loaded with all the same scary chemicals as mattresses.)
Here’s where I explain the difference between a mattress and a futon:
929 comments
Kym
Love the guide and the website! I’m wondering if perhaps Zenhaven has changed since you wrote this? They claim 100% plant based latex and oeko-tek certification on the mattress as a whole. Isn’t that one of the better certifications?
ann
I just found this place, for west coaster, this looks great! Small, woman owner, very concerned with chemical free. www.holylamborganics.com/ Oakville, WA. They carry a range of high quality organic latex, innerspring, and cotton / wool mattresses including WJ Southard and toppers that they manufacture themselves. Some very good quality here and knowledgeable people. They do on-line sales, but they are small so 3 weeks looks like the lead time. Thanks for having this info all together and great research!
Daria
I own Green Tea Memory Foam Mattress and satisfied with it. It consists of several layers of eco-friendly memory foams: https://mattressopedia.com/organic-mattresses-compared/
Natalie Cannatella
Hello! I recently bought a very nice organic/non-toxic mattress and I still need to get a mattress pad for it. I was looking at Coyuchi Mattress Pas but its $298. I was wondering if you had any good alternative recommendations that will protect our mattress from spills/liquids/urine but also be nontoxic and safe? If Coyuchi is the one, I will buy it but wanted to check first. Thank you so much!
calybras
Hi~
any thoughts on Pranasleep? thanks!
cv
Have you received information? I am interested as well.
S M
Hi there. Thank you so much for all you do. This site is a life-saver. Could you please list Zinus on the bad list? This brand is horrible. And now they’re everywhere—from Walmart to “best seller” on Amazon. Please check it out and let people know!
Stephanie Dohrer
I am looking for a new mattress for my self and my toddler.. Every single suggestion you have is for 3000$.. Any option for those who are not wealthy????
Tom K.
I appreciate the thought and research that went into this site. Most of us, though, have to balance many factors in shopping for a mattress. If I only got “six comfortable years” out of a mattress, I wouldn’t consider it “good stuff” at all. I expect more like 15, minimum. After all, one of the most polluting parts of the mattress life cycle is when you go to replace it. If I can get a mattress made of Talalay latex, wool and cotton from “sneaky” Zenhaven for $1899, I’d hesitate to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars more just for the satisfaction of GOTS or OEKO-TEX certification. A Queen Savvy Rest Serenity all Talalay mattress in the same (~10") thickness apparently costs $3,999. It’s hard for me to believe they’re delivering $2100 more quality and purity from basically the same raw materials. So I think they need to narrow that price gap to make certified organic a more realistic alternative.
John Goss
Hi Chelsie,
I do not know what is in Fireflex FR but we are wary of chemical flame retardants applied to fabrics. We are all for new technolgies but not all are benign. You can contact me directly at john@gimmethegoodstuff.com ThanksJohn here…
Thanks for the questions.
Bundle of Dreams mattresses are made from recycled water bottles. Here’s whats in recycled water bottles…
“Dioxin, BPA, Bisphenol B, These products are connected to plastics and that has been associated with a whole host of health issues including birth defects, cancer."
Chelsie
Hello,
Do you have any insight about the Bundle of Dreams crib mattress? I chatted with a rep and here’s what I found: The bundle fibers that compose the mattress are polyester; the manufacturer is Jasztex. The cover that holds the bundle fiber is a FireFlex FR by Precision Textiles. The mattress cover is organic cotton.
I like the idea of this mattress (similar to Newton), but I’m unsure if I’ll be facing the same awful chemical issues we’re currently having with our baby’s mattress. It’s off-gasssing so badly, her pajamas stink.
Thanks!
John Goss
Hi Elizabeth,
I would be very interested to see that. ThanksWow… Have you used any sort of EMF meter to show an increase in electromagnet energy on the bed vs ambient energy away from the bed?
John Goss
Hi Britney,
Feel free to email me directly at john@gimmethegoodstuff.com I’m glad to help.John here…
Sleeptek’s GOLS certificate is written to a 3rd party in Sri Lanka…not to SleepTek. While their stuff might be better than some, from a toxins point of view they would not rise to our “Best Stuff” level. You can read more about mattress certifications here… https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/safe-product-guides/mattresses/
John Goss
Hi Ryan,
John here…
There is a lot of terminology used by mattress manufacturers to lead us to believe that their products are something that they might not actually be. Words like “green” and “natural” are important marketing tools but have no specific legal definition.
If you go to our Safe Mattress Guide you can read up on it. https://gimmethegoodstuff.com/safe-product-guides/mattresses/ We have a short review of Avocado there. Avocado is doing some things right but they are far from being demonstrably nontoxic. Their latex is not GOLS certified. They have no certifications for their wool. The European Scientific Commission on Consumer Safety has been unable to establish if Hydrated Silica (fire retardant) is harmful to humans or not. So while Avocado products are likely less concerning than some, they are far from the top of our list. You can contact me directly at john@gimmethegoodstuff.com Thanks-
Ryan
Hi there!
Great post. I looked into Avocado Mattresses and since this post was updated I am wondering if Avocado has changed their information. I am seeing many things pointing to this being a good mattress but wonder if I am missing something. I’ve now read your post twice and am trying to compare your notes to their website. They are Greenguard and GOTS certified along with a few others. Also they use Dunlop latex, do not blend along with some other positive things. I am wondering though if they are “Sneaky”. They have now marketed themselves as experts in quality mattresses and have a Buyers Guide listed on their website of what to watch for in mattresses with their mattress always answering to the best solution. Thanks for your help! RyanBritney
Do you know anything about the Sleeptek yantra rubber mattress?
Elizabeth McKlemurry
Hi! Thank you for posting so much valuable information on your site! I did not read the comments to this mattress article in there entirety so I apologize if this is a repeat comment. I highly recommend that you take another look at the metal coils in mattresses. My daughter and I are Electromagnetically sensitive and we can feel the electric shocks in our beds (and couches/chairs with metal springs) coming from the EMF’s in our walls. We’ve only just recently figured out what was going on in our home so we are still in the process of buying EMF blocking filters, re-wiring where needed, etc. but the mattresses definitely do conduct electricity!
Ellen
Have you looked into the purple mattress?
https://purple.com/blog/mattress-materials-safest-sleepers
Jaclyn
Lisa- I totally agree. It is/was very confusing on Gimmethegoodstuff’s part
Koren
We have PALMPRING mattresses for our boys as recommended by the local environmental furniture store – http://www.palmpringusa.com
Any feedback on them?
Thank you!!
Alexis
Hi. My head is spinning after reading everything! We are looking for a big girl mattress for our 2.5 year old and my husband wants to get an Ikea mattress because of the price. I’ve tried to tell him about my preliminary research into mattresses and he doesn’t want to hear it. Very frustrating. We have a tempurpedic mattress and I’m very concerned about the toxins, but we don’t have the money to replace it, especially if I am going to convince him my daughter needs something more expensive. Sigh. Do you happen to have any feedback on the brand 5 Little Monkeys? It seems to be relatively new. Thanks in advance!
Ralynn
Hi there-
I know it’s been some time since this was published. I was wondering your thoughts on the Happsy mattress? They claim certifications that look good, but idk how to tell if they belong to them or another company and such. Thanks kindly, RalynnIrene
H Maia,
Thank you!Is an all latex mattress considered safe for those with a latex allergy? Or are there any studies about how being exposed to/sleeping on a latex mattress would make one, especially a child, more susceptible to developing a latex allergy? I really want an organic latex mattress for our children and ourselves, but this is one of my concerns given that I know latex can be an allergen and I don’t know how we would react to sleeping on one.
Deana M
This “Mattress Guide” is inaccurate and very misleading. PlushBeds Botanical Bliss is an organic mattress with GOLS certified organic latex, GOTS certified organic cotton cover, and OEKO-TEX and GreenGuard Gold certifications on the mattress. Avocado is a natural mattress with Eco-Institut latex and GreenGuard Gold certifications. All certifications are on both of their websites. Gimme The Good Stuff – please update your guide here and VERIFY information before posting inaccurate information!
Deana M
The new Eco Terra contains 3" of 100% natural latex and an individually wrapped, pocketed coil core with an organic cotton cover and a 100% natural wool fire barrier. The mattress contains no polyurethane or hydrated silica. Gimme The Good Stuff – you should update your Mattress Guide!
Deana M
I notice that Savvy Rest’s foam certification is written to a foam manufacturer in India, NOT to Savvy Rest directly. Also, My Green Mattress’ foam certification is written to a foam manufacturer in Sri Lanka and NOT to My Green Mattress directly. Please explain why you would put them in your “Good Stuff” list when you place other companies in your “Okay Stuff” list for this reason? Your categories are very misleading and inaccurate.
Shelby
Hello. I was wondering if anyone knew of any non toxic affordable roll up or fold up mattresses that could be stored in a closet for guests. Thank you.
Shelby
I’m interested in happsy as well. Did you ever get any answers?
Lisa Petrison
Your article specifically states that Tuft & Needle is not claiming to have any certifications other than CertiPur, which does not seem to be true. And since they say that they were the first foam mattress to seek out those other certifications, it does not seem to ever have been true.
Maybe that could be fixed in your article, therefore.Lisa Petrison
Actually, Tuft & Needle does make claims to have GreenGuard Gold and Oeko-Tek certifications, in addition to the CertiPure-US one.
You do have to dig to find that though. >There are many certifications out there that a company can apply for, and here at Tuft & Needle we sought out the strictest of them. We were the first foam mattress to be certified by three leading independent certification programs. >This means you can rest assured that you’re not bringing something into your home that hasn’t been through rigorous testing and proven to pass with flying colors. You can read more details about these certifications and the steps we’ve taken to test our mattress here. >Though we were the first, many other companies have followed suit, making the foam mattress industry as a whole more regulated and standardized than in the the past. Ultimately, the decision between organic and certified foams comes down to your needs, but having a clear understanding is key when you’re shopping. https://www.tuftandneedle.com/organic-mattressD
Thank you for ALL the valuable information!!!! I am in need of a new bed. But my head is spinning trying to find the safest option in a price point we are comfortable with.
I was Wondering how Mettabed made it higher up in your list when it’s company uses words to describe it that you caution us about. …..“All natural latexâ€. Wool that is not organic . (But the cotton is organic. ) The price point is way more affordable than other options- So it’s very tempting . But I’m skeptical. I’m wondering specifically why you rate this company much higher than many other choices like avocado green and plush bed. What am I missing that makes it such a more safer option? Thank you!!Stephanie
Great informational post! What do you know about Botanicore all-natural latex mattresses? They are sold at stores such as Bedrooms and More, which is a big competitor of Soaring Heart for natural bedding, where I live. Bedrooms and More provided certification from eco-INSTITUT label for their natural latex mattresses (certification number ID 0310 – 12246 – 001; test report number 51380-001-002; validity 06/2016). The mattress is amazingly comfortable, but it’s still giving off a faint odor after two months of use.
Kelly
where do you see the wool is blended with polyester and bleached? website says no.
pkygola
Thank you for the safety guides, and to choose a non-toxic mattress for babies. It was knowledgeable read for me.
Cheryl
I’m also interested in the Happsy mattress. Any information you have will be helpful.
Thank you
Renae
Hi! I was also interested in your thoughts on the brand Happsy? Any help would be appreciated. Thank you
catarina williams
I have been using Lifekind mattresses AND pillows for about 8 years now. I am on the West Coast so I could drive up to see their company firsthand myself. The beds last forever! I wanted to mention Coyuchi for bedding and green wave for filtering your dirty electricity in your home. Also opt out of the smart meter. I know the last few are not about mattresses but thought I would share. Thank you for such an incredible incredible site MAIA.
Eric
Hi, anything about Samina? How about Dreamcloud, Idlesleep (Latex), or even Helix? Thanks!
shey
Hi just thought you should updated Tuft and Needle. They have been awarded with OEKO-TEX certification
Casey
I am wondering what your thoughts are on the company Sleep EZ, specifically the “Roma” mattress. I didn’t read through all of the comments but didn’t see them under any of the category tabs.
Suzanne Weaver-Goss
Hi Scott, Like so many manufacturers, Sleeping Organic falls a bit short on independent 3rd party certifications. They do not make our list of “Best Stuff”. You can contact me directly at john@gimmethegoodstuff.com
I’ll be happy to help you find a truly nontoxic mattress.
Scott
What about Sleeping organic? I was emailing them about there certifications because I did not see on the website. It looks like they are on the up and up. What do you think?
http://www.sleepingorganic.com/ ScottElizabeth Lewis
Hi John,
I noticed that the Tuft and Needle website is saying it is GreenGuard Gold and also the entire mattress is Oeko-Tex certified. I don’t know if these certifications are newer, but would you still consider it to be “sneaky stuff”? Thanks,D. Mare
“The Eco Terra has a thin internal quilt backing of super soft foam on the organic cotton cover for added comfort. The super soft foam is Greenguard Gold certified and odor-free, yet provides additional pressure relief. If you prefer an Eco Terra mattress without this additional comfort layer, we will be happy to make this for you. Simply contact us and request that it be made without the super-soft foam quilt backing.” It’s nice that they will customize the mattress the way you want it. Most mattress covers come with the soft foam backing and they do not give you this option of having it removed. I personally love this mattress with the soft foam backing. It’s GreenGuard Gold certified and perfectly safe. Also the mattress has Oeko-Tex and GOTS certifications.
Reshma
Any thoughts on indigo mattress?
Ashley
I recently learned that Eco Terra uses polyurethane foam in their organic cotton topper. When I inquired about it, the rep repeatedly said “Its Greenguard Gold Certified and odor-free” and said it was a plant based foam. Yeah, its still polyurethane! Polyurethane is NOT listed as an ingredient on their website so I feel like these guys are sneaky! They did say that I can call and ask for the mattress to be made without a topper. I would think it would be less comfortable then, and I’d likely end up buying another topper and spending what I would pay if I just went with a different mattress.
Ashley
Hi, I realize this guide hasn’t been updated in sometime, but I’m considering a brand not mentioned above – Happsy. According to their website they appear to have GOTS, GOLS, and Greenguard Gold certifications. The price point is good as well. I have been comparing them to other brands reviewed above and would love your thoughts.
Thanks!
Jessica Garms
Do you know anything about Lullbed?
Jean
Hi -
What can you tell me about the Purple Bed? My husband ordered one of these and I read on the website that their materials are considered non-toxic and safe?
Thank you
Liz
Hi! I’m 7 months pregnant with #2 and despite my close following of Gimme the Good Stuff, I somehow bought a Sealy hybrid mattress this weekend without even thinking about the off gassing. I’ll blame it on baby brain. The mattress is being delivered Saturday, and unfortunately I can’t change my order at this point. I’m horrified and scared by what I could be doing to my unborn baby. Have you done any research on what can be done to mitigate or minimize the off gassing of toxic mattresses? How long should I air it out? Are there natural casings I can buy to help matters? Would love your expertise!